左右

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Chinese[edit]

left right (-hand)
simp. and trad.
(左右) 		左 右

Pronunciation[edit]

Note: zo2 jau6-2 only used in the adverb sense.
Rime
Character 左 左 右 右
Reading # 1/2 2/2 1/2 2/2
Initial (聲) 精 (13) 精 (13) 云 (35) 云 (35)
Final (韻) 歌 (94) 歌 (94) 尤 (136) 尤 (136)
Tone (調) Rising (X) Departing (H) Rising (X) Departing (H)
Openness (開合) Open Open Open Open
Division (等) I I III III
Fanqie 臧可切 則箇切 云久切 于救切
Baxter tsaX tsaH hjuwX hjuwH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/t͡sɑX/ /t͡sɑH/ /ɦɨuX/ /ɦɨuH/
Pan
Wuyun 		/t͡sɑX/ /t͡sɑH/ /ɦiuX/ /ɦiuH/
Shao
Rongfen 		/t͡sɑX/ /t͡sɑH/ /ɣiəuX/ /ɣiəuH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/t͡saX/ /t͡saH/ /ɦuwX/ /ɦuwH/
Li
Rong 		/t͡sɑX/ /t͡sɑH/ /ɣiuX/ /ɣiuH/
Wang
Li 		/t͡sɑX/ /t͡sɑH/ /ɣĭəuX/ /ɣĭəuH/
Bernard
Karlgren 		/t͡sɑX/ /t͡sɑH/ /i̯ə̯uX/ /i̯ə̯uH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		zuǒ zuò yǒu yòu
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		zo2 zo3 jau5 jau6
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 左 左 左 右 右
Reading # 1/3 2/3 3/3 1/2 2/2
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		zuǒ zuǒ zuǒ yòu yòu
Middle
Chinese 		‹ tsaX › ‹ tsaX › ‹ tsaH › ‹ hjuwX › ‹ hjuwH ›
Old
Chinese 		/*tsˁa[j]ʔ/ /*tsˁa[j]ʔ/ /*tsˁarʔ-s/ /*[ɢ]ʷəʔ/ /*[ɢ]ʷəʔ-s/ (~ *m-qʷəʔ)
English left (side) assist assist right hand right hand

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 左 左 右 右
Reading # 1/2 2/2 1/2 2/2
No. 18004 18006 15597 15604
Phonetic
component 		左 左 又 又
Rime
group 		歌 歌 之 之
Rime
subdivision 		1 1 0 0
Corresponding
MC rime 		左 佐 有 宥
Old
Chinese 		/*ʔsaːlʔ/ /*ʔsaːls/ /*ɢʷɯʔ/ /*ɢʷɯs/

Noun[edit]

左右

  1. left and right
  2. left and right sides; both sides
  3. entourage; retinue; attendants

Adverb[edit]

左右

  1. about; or so; or thereabouts; around
    他身高可能在三米左右。 [MSC, trad. and simp.]
    Tā shēngāo kěnéng zài sān mǐ zuǒyòu. [Pinyin]
    He was about three meters tall.
    30分鐘左右 [Cantonese, trad.]
    30分钟左右 [Cantonese, simp.]
    saam1 sap6 fan1 zung1 zo2 jau6-2 [Jyutping]
    about 30 minutes
    我估計溫度都在十度左右吧。 [MSC, trad.]
    我估计温度都在十度左右吧。 [MSC, simp.]
    Wǒ gūjì wēndù dōu zài shí dù zuǒyòu ba. [Pinyin]
    I guess the temperature is around ten degrees now.

Synonyms[edit]

Verb[edit]

左右

  1. to control; to manipulate; to influence

Synonyms[edit]

Derived terms[edit]

Descendants[edit]

Sino-Xenic (左右):

Japanese[edit]

Etymology 1[edit]

Kanji in this term
左 右
さ
Grade: 1 		ゆう
Grade: 1
on’yomi

From 左(さ) (sa, “left”) + 右(ゆう) (yū, “right”).

Pronunciation[edit]

Noun[edit]

左(さ)右(ゆう) • (sayū) 

  1. left and right
    横(おう)断(だん)歩(ほ)道(どう)を渡(わた)る前(まえ)には、左(さ)右(ゆう)を確(かく)認(にん)する。
    Ōdanhodō o wataru mae ni wa, sayū o kakunin suru.
    Check left and right before you cross the road.
  2. both sides
  3. control
  4. influence
Synonyms[edit]
Derived terms[edit]

Verb[edit]

左(さ)右(ゆう)する • (sayū suru) suru (stem 左(さ)右(ゆう)し (sayū shi), past 左(さ)右(ゆう)した (sayū shita))

  1. to sway, to influence
  2. to have under one's control
Conjugation[edit]
Conjugation of "左右する" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
Mizenkei ("imperfective") 左右し さゆうし sayū shi
Ren’yōkei ("continuative") 左右し さゆうし sayū shi
Shūshikei ("terminal") 左右する さゆうする sayū suru
Rentaikei ("attributive") 左右する さゆうする sayū suru
Kateikei ("hypothetical") 左右すれ さゆうすれ sayū sure
Meireikei ("imperative") 左右せよ¹
左右しろ² 		さゆうせよ¹
さゆうしろ² 		sayū seyo¹
sayū shiro²
Key constructions
Passive 左右される さゆうされる sayū sareru
Causative 左右させる
左右さす 		さゆうさせる
さゆうさす 		sayū saseru
sayū sasu
Potential 左右できる さゆうできる sayū dekiru
Volitional 左右しよう さゆうしよう sayū shiyō
Negative 左右しない さゆうしない sayū shinai
Negative continuative 左右せず さゆうせず sayū sezu
Formal 左右します さゆうします sayū shimasu
Perfective 左右した さゆうした sayū shita
Conjunctive 左右して さゆうして sayū shite
Hypothetical conditional 左右すれば さゆうすれば sayū sureba
¹ Written imperative

² Spoken imperative

Etymology 2[edit]

Kanji in this term
左 右
Grade: 1 Grade: 1

Noun[edit]

左右(そう) • (sō) ←さう (sau)?

  1. (obsolete) left and right
  2. letter; tidings
    Synonym: 便り (tayori)
    • 1883, 아메노모리 호슈(雨森芳洲) [Amenomori Hōshū], “晝夜”, in 浦瀬裕, editor, 재간교린수지(再刊交隣須知) (Jaegan'gyorinsuji)‎NDL NLK, 外務省 edition, volume 1:
      初七日 七日コロハサウガアリマセウ
      shonanoka nanoka koro wa sō ga arimashō
      7th: There will probably be tidings on the 7th.
      初七日 초(初)일엣날ᄶᅳᆷ 긔별(寄別)이 잇ᄉᆞ오리 (original Korean)
    • 1883, 아메노모리 호슈(雨森芳洲) [Amenomori Hōshū], “語辭”, in 浦瀬裕, editor, 재간교린수지(再刊交隣須知) (Jaegan'gyorinsuji)‎NDL NLK, 外務省 edition, volume 3:
      又 マタヨイ左右ガキソウニゴザル
      mata mata yoi sō ga kisō ni gozaru
      Again: It seems like good tidings may come again.
      又 ᄯᅩ 됴흔 긔별(寄別)이 올 듯허오 (original Korean)

Etymology 3[edit]

Kanji in this term
左 右
Grade: 1 Grade: 1

Noun[edit]

左右(さう) • (sau) 

  1. (obsolete) left and right

Etymology 4[edit]

Kanji in this term
左 右
Grade: 1 Grade: 1
For pronunciation and definitions of 左右 – see the following entry.
【とかく】
[adverb] being apt to; being prone to; tending to
[adverb] (in the form of とかくの (tokaku no)) all sorts of (negative things); various
[adverb] this and that
[adverb] anyway, anyhow
[noun] (idiomatic, Buddhism) things that do not exist; rabbit horns
Alternative spelling
兎角
(This term, 左右, is an alternative spelling of the above term.)

References[edit]

  1. ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

Korean[edit]

Hanja in this term
左右

Noun[edit]

左右 • (jwau) (hangeul 좌우)

  1. Hanja form? of 좌우 (“left and right”).

Vietnamese[edit]

chữ Hán Nôm in this term
左右

Noun[edit]

左右

  1. chữ Hán form of tả hữu (“left and right”).
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