干

See also: 乾, 幹, 于, 午, 千, 半, and 𡕒

Translingual

Stroke order

Stroke order

		-
simp. and trad.		干

Etymology

Pictogram (象形) – a pestle.

Exists as a traditional character, and also a simplification of two traditional characters: Simplified from 乾 and 幹.

干
Oracle bone script	Bronze inscriptions	Large seal script	Small seal script

Han character

干 (radical 51 干+0, 3 strokes, cangjie input 一十 (MJ), four-corner 1040₀)

Derived characters

• Index:Chinese radical/干
• 刊 肝 岸

References

• KangXi: page 339, character 1
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 9165
• Dae Jaweon: page 645, character 22
• Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 1, page 405, character 5
• Unihan data for U+5E72

---

Chinese

Etymology 1

For pronunciation and definitions of 干 – see 乾 ("dry"). (This term, 干, is the simplified form of 乾.)

Notes: Simplified Chinese is mainly used in Mainland China and Singapore. Traditional Chinese is mainly used in Hong Kong, Macau and Taiwan.

Etymology 2

For pronunciation and definitions of 干 – see 幹 ("to do, to work"). (This term, 干, is the simplified form of 幹.)

Notes: Simplified Chinese is mainly used in Mainland China and Singapore. Traditional Chinese is mainly used in Hong Kong, Macau and Taiwan.

Etymology 3

		-
simp. and trad.		干

Sino-Tibetan. Cognate with 扞 ("to shield; to protect"), 閈 ("gate"). Compare Tibetan འགལ་བ ('gal ba, “to go against, to violate, to contradict”), Burmese ကာ (ka, “shield; to shield; to block”).

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): gān (gan¹)

  (Zhuyin): ㄍㄢ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): gon¹
• Hakka (Pha̍k-fa-sṳ): kôn
• Min Dong (BUC): găng
• Min Nan (POJ): kan
• Wu (WT Romanisation): koe (T1)

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese, Beijing)⁺
    • Pinyin: gān
    • Zhuyin: ㄍㄢ
    • Wade-Giles: kan¹
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: gan
    • IPA ^(key): /ka̠n⁵⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
    • Jyutping: gon¹
    • Yale: gōn
    • Cantonese Pinyin: gon¹
    • IPA ^(key): /kɔːn⁵⁵/
• Hakka
  • Romanisations:
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: kôn
    • IPA (Siyen, incl. Miaoli): /kon²⁴/
• Min Dong
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: găng
    • IPA ^(key): /kaŋ⁵⁵/
• Min Nan
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kan
    • Tâi-lô: kan
    • IPA (Taipei): /kan⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /kan³⁴/
• Wu
  • (Shanghainese)
    • WT Romanisation: koe (T1)
    • IPA ^(key): /kø⁵³/

Middle Chinese pronunciation (干, reconstructed)
Character (干), Pronunciation 1/1
Initial: 見 (28) Final: 寒 Division: I			Openness: Open Tone: Level (Ø)			Fanqie: 古寒切
Zhengzhang Shangfang	Bernard Karlgren	Li Rong	Pan Wuyun	Edwin Pulleyblank	Wang Li	Shao Rongfen
/kɑn/	/kɑn/	/kɑn/	/kɑn/	/kan/	/kɑn/	/kɑn/

Old Chinese pronunciation (干, reconstructed)
Baxter-Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character								Modern Beijing (Pinyin)								Middle Chinese								Old Chinese								English
干								gān								‹ kan ›								/*[k]ˤar/								pole
干								gān								‹ kan ›								/*kˤa[r]/								shield (n.)
干								gān								‹ kan ›								/*kˤar/								piece, item
干								gān								‹ kan ›								/*kˤar/								(placename)
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter-Sagart system: Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character					No.					Phonetic component					Rime group					Rime subdivision					Corresponding MC rime					Old Chinese					Notes
干					3570					干					元					1					干					/*kaːn/

Definitions

干

1. ^† a shield
2. ^† to request, to ask
3. ^† to offend, to encroach on
4. ^† to interfere, to intervene
5. to concern; to be implicated in; implication

   • 这事与我无干。 [MSC, trad. and simp.]

     Zhè shì yǔ wǒ wú gān. [Pinyin]

     It has nothing to do with me.

6. ^† bank; edge of water bodies
   • 江干

Compounds

Derived terms

• 干云蔽日 ("tall trees covering the sun")

• 干係 ("implication")

• 干戈 ("weapons of war")

• 干擾 ("to interfere")

• 干擾素 ("interferon")

• 干支 ("the Heavenly Stems and Earthly Branches")

• 干涉 ("to intervene")

• 干涉現象 ("interference")

• 干犯 ("to encroach on")

• 干證 ("witness")

• 干連 ("implication")

• 干預, 干與 ("to intervene")

---

Japanese

Kanji

干

(grade 6 “Kyōiku” kanji)

1. to dry

Readings

• On: かん (kan)
• Kun: ほす (hosu), ひる (hiru), おかす (okasu)

Compounds

干戈 (かんか, kanka) 干害 (かんがい, kangai)

干渉 (かんしょう, kanshō) 干魃 (かんばつ, kanbatsu)

干天 (かんてん, kanten)

---

Korean

Hanja

干 (gan, gang) (hangeul 간, 강, revised gan, gang, McCune-Reischauer kan, kang)

1. This entry needs a definition. Please add one, then remove {{defn}}.

---

Vietnamese

Han character

干 (can, cơn, càn, cán)

1. This entry needs a definition. Please add one, then remove {{defn}}.