年

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See also: 秊, ヰ, and 𡕒

Translingual[edit]

Stroke order
年-order.gif
Stroke order
年-bw.png

Etymology[edit]

The older form of 年, 秊, is a combination of 禾, which means grain or rice and the phonetic element 千, which indicates extension. The meaning went from person wading through crops in harvesting to harvest and then to year because of the harvest after a long cycle.

Han character[edit]

年 (radical 51 干+3, 6 strokes, cangjie input 人手 (OQ), four-corner 80500)

  1. year
  2. new year
  3. person's age

References[edit]

  • KangXi: page 340, character 1
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 9168
  • Dae Jaweon: page 648, character 2
  • Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 1, page 37, character 6
  • Unihan data for U+5E74

Chinese[edit]

-
simp. and trad.
 年

Pronunciation[edit]

Middle Chinese pronunciation (年, reconstructed)
Character (年), Pronunciation 1/1

Initial: 泥 (8)
Final: 先
Division: IV

Openness: Open
Tone: Level (Ø)

 Fanqie: 奴顚切
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 Bernard
Karlgren		 Li
Rong		 Pan
Wuyun		 Edwin
Pulleyblank		 Wang
Li		 Shao
Rongfen
/nen/ /nien/ /nen/ /nen/ /nɛn/ /nien/ /nɛn/
Old Chinese pronunciation (年, reconstructed)
Baxter-Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character Modern Beijing
(Pinyin)		 Middle Chinese Old Chinese English
年 nián ‹ nen › /*C.nˤi[ŋ]/ harvest; year

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter-Sagart system:

  • Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
  • Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
  • Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
  • Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;
  • Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character No. Phonetic
component		 Rime
group		 Rime
subdivision		 Corresponding
MC rime		 Old Chinese Notes
年 9482 秊 眞 2 /*niːŋ/ 同秊

Noun[edit]

年

  1. (Beginning Mandarin) year

Classifier[edit]

年

  1. a classifier for years

Proper noun[edit]

年

  1. a Chinese surname

Compounds[edit]

Derived terms

References[edit]

Japanese[edit]

Kanji[edit]

See also:
年

(grade 1 “Kyōiku” kanji)

Readings[edit]

Compounds[edit]

Etymology 1[edit]

From Sinitic 年.

Pronunciation[edit]

Counter[edit]

年 (hiragana ねん, romaji -nen)

  1. years

Suffix[edit]

年 (hiragana ねん, romaji -nen)

  1. a grade, a school year
    彼 (かれ)は中学２ (ちゅうがくに)年 (ねん)だ。
    kare wa chūgaku ni-nen da.
    He's in the second grade in junior high school.
  2. a year
    ２００８ (にせんはち)年 (ねん)に橋 (はし)を建設 (けんせつ)し始 (はじ)めるようだ。
    ni sen hachi-nen ni hashi o kensetsu shihajimeru yō da.
    They seem to be going to start constructing the bridge in (the year) 2008.

Etymology 2[edit]

/to2si/ > /tosi/

From Old Japanese. Originally referred to grain, particularly rice, and by extension, the year's harvest.

Pronunciation[edit]

Noun[edit]

年 (hiragana とし, romaji toshi)

  1. (obsolete) grain, particularly rice
  2. (obsolete) a grain harvest, a grain crop
  3. a year
  4. age

Derived terms[edit]

Etymology 3[edit]

/to2se/ > /tose/

From Old Japanese. Likely a shift in pronunciation from toshi.

Pronunciation[edit]

Suffix[edit]

年 (hiragana とせ, romaji -tose)

  1. used in counting years; years

Korean[edit]

Hanja[edit]

年 (nyeon, yeon)
Eumhun:

  • Sound (hangeul): 년, 연 (revised: nyeon, yeon, McCune-Reischauer: nyŏn, yŏn, Yale: nyen, nyen)
  • Name (hangeul): 해, 해 (revised: hae, hae, McCune-Reischauer: hae, hae, Yale: hay, hay)
  1. year

Counter[edit]

年 (nyeon) (hangeul 년)

  1. year

Compounds[edit]

Vietnamese[edit]

Han character[edit]

年 (niên, nên, năm)

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