式

Translingual

Etymology

Phono-semantic compound (形聲): phonetic 弋 + semantic 工 (“work”)

Pronounced something like *l̥ək in Old Chinese; compare with 弋 *lək. See also 代.

Han character

式 (radical 56 弋+3, 6 strokes, cangjie input 戈心一 (IPM), four-corner 4310₀, composition ⿹弋工)

1. style, system, formula, rule

References

• KangXi: page 355, character 6
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 9663
• Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 1, page 558, character 7
• Unihan data for U+5F0F

---

Chinese

		-
simp. and trad.		式

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): shì (shi⁴)

  (Zhuyin): ㄕˋ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): sik¹
• Min Nan (POJ): sit / sik

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese, Beijing)⁺
    • Pinyin: shì
    • Zhuyin: ㄕˋ
    • Wade-Giles: shih⁴
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shyh
    • IPA ^(key): /ʂʐ̩⁵¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
    • Jyutping: sik¹
    • Yale: sīk
    • Cantonese Pinyin: sik⁷
    • IPA ^(key): /sɪk̚⁵/
• Min Nan
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sit / sik
    • Tâi-lô: sit / sik
    • IPA (Taipei): /ɕit̚³²/, /ɕik̚³²/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /ɕit̚³²/, /ɕik̚³²/
  • Note: sit - vernacular, sik - literary.

Middle Chinese pronunciation (式, reconstructed)
Character (式), Pronunciation 1/1
Initial: 書 (26) Final: 職 Division: III			Openness: Open Tone: Checked (Ø)			Fanqie: 賞職切
Zhengzhang Shangfang	Bernard Karlgren	Li Rong	Pan Wuyun	Edwin Pulleyblank	Wang Li	Shao Rongfen
/ɕɨk̚/	/ɕi̯ək̚/	/ɕiək̚/	/ɕɨk̚/	/ɕik̚/	/ɕĭək̚/	/ɕiek̚/

Old Chinese pronunciation (式, reconstructed)
Baxter-Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character								Modern Beijing (Pinyin)								Middle Chinese								Old Chinese								English
式								shì								‹ syik ›								/*l̥ ək/								pattern
式								shì								‹ syik ›								/*l̥ ək/								to wipe
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter-Sagart system: Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character					No.					Phonetic component					Rime group					Rime subdivision					Corresponding MC rime					Old Chinese					Notes
式					14980					弋					職					0					識					/*hljɯɡ/

Noun

式

1. type; style; fashion
2. formula
3. (grammar) mood; mode

   叙述式 indicative mood

Compounds

• trad. 式樣, simpl. 式样
• 式子
• 儀式, 仪式

References

• (Min Nan) Taiwan Min Nan Common Words Dictionary (臺灣閩南語常用詞辭典)

---

Japanese

Kanji

式

(grade 3 “Kyōiku” kanji)

Readings

• On: しき (shiki), しょく (shoku)
• Kun: のり (nori), のっとる (nottoru)

Noun

式 (hiragana しき, romaji shiki)

1. type, style
2. formula
3. ceremony, ritual, function

Suffix

式 (hiragana しき, romaji -shiki)

1. ceremony
2. formula, expression
3. style

Compounds

• 式次
• 式辞
• 式日
• 式典

• 式服
• 式神
• 儀式
• 株式

---

Korean

Hanja

式 (sik) (hangeul 식, revised sik, McCune-Reischauer sik, Yale sik)

1. This entry needs a definition. Please add one, then remove {{defn}}.

---

Vietnamese

Han character

式 (thức, sức)

1. This entry needs a definition. Please add one, then remove {{defn}}.