弗

Translingual

Etymology

Pictogram (象形) – two arrows, tied together to be straightened.

Later borrowed phonetically to mean “no”.

Han character

弗 (radical 57 弓+2, 5 strokes, cangjie input 中中弓 (LLN), four-corner 5502₇, composition ⿻⿰丿丨弓)

1. not, negative

Derived characters

• 沸 佛

References

• KangXi: page 356, character 16
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 9708
• Dae Jaweon: page 673, character 1
• Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 2, page 990, character 9
• Unihan data for U+5F17

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Chinese

		-
simp. and trad.		弗

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): fú (fu²)

  (Zhuyin): ㄈㄨˊ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): fat¹
• Min Nan (POJ): hut

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese, Beijing)⁺
    • Pinyin: fú
    • Zhuyin: ㄈㄨˊ
    • Wade-Giles: fu²
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: fwu
    • IPA ^(key): /fu³⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
    • Jyutping: fat¹
    • Yale: fāt
    • Cantonese Pinyin: fat⁷
    • IPA ^(key): /fɐt̚⁵/
• Min Nan
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hut
    • Tâi-lô: hut
    • IPA (Taipei): /hut̚³²/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /hut̚³²/

Middle Chinese pronunciation (弗, reconstructed)
Character (弗), Pronunciation 1/1
Initial: 幫 (1) Final: 物 Division: III			Openness: Closed Tone: Checked (Ø)			Fanqie: 分勿切
Zhengzhang Shangfang	Bernard Karlgren	Li Rong	Pan Wuyun	Edwin Pulleyblank	Wang Li	Shao Rongfen
/pɨut̚/	/pi̯uət̚/	/piuət̚/	/piut̚/	/put̚/	/pĭuət̚/	/piuət̚/

Old Chinese pronunciation (弗, reconstructed)
Baxter-Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character								Modern Beijing (Pinyin)								Middle Chinese								Old Chinese								English
弗								fú								‹ pjut ›								/*p[u]t/								(negation)
弗								fú								‹ pjut ›								/*put/								gust of wind
弗								fú								‹ pjut ›								/*put/								writing brush (pron. in Yān 燕, ap. Shuōwén, E. Hàn)
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter-Sagart system: Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character					No.					Phonetic component					Rime group					Rime subdivision					Corresponding MC rime					Old Chinese					Notes
弗					3313					弗					物					1					弗					/*pɯd/

Usage notes

In modern Chinese, the characters 不 (bù) and 否 (fǒu) are far more commonly used to mean “no”.

References

• (Min Nan) Open Dictionary Network - Min Nan Dictionary (kaifangcidian.com)

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Japanese

Kanji

弗

(uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji)

1. fluorine
2. the dollar sign ($)

Readings

• Goon: ほち (hochi) (rare)
• Kan’on: ふつ (futsu)
• Kun: ず (zu) (rare), どる (doru)

Etymology 1

Wikipedia ^ja Wikipedia

弗 (futsu): a sample of chilled liquid fluorine.

Kanji in this term

弗

ふつ Hyōgaiji

on'yomi

Originally borrowed from Middle Chinese 弗 (*pjut), meaning either “not” or “a gust of wind”. Apparently later repurposed during the later Edo period for its phonetic value (and possibly also for its “wind” → “gas” connotations) in translating the German Fluor (“fluorine”).

The modern Mandarin 氟 (fú, “fluorine”) appears to be a more recent invention based on this Japanese usage, adding the radical 气.

Pronunciation

• On'yomi: Kan'on
• IPA^(key): [ɸɯᵝt͡sɯᵝ]

Affix

弗 (hiragana ふつ, katakana フツ, romaji futsu)

1. (chemistry, chemical elements) fluorine, fluoride

Derived terms

Derived terms

弗化 (ふっか, ​fukka): fluoridation; fluoro-, fluor-; fluorinated 弗化カルシウム (ふっかカルシウム, ​fukka karushiumu): calcium fluoride, CaF2 六弗化リン酸リチウム (ろくふっかりんさんりちうむ, ​roku fukka rinsan richiumu): lithium hexafluorophosphate 弗化水素 (ふっかすいそ, ​fukka suiso): hydrogen fluoride, HF 弗化水素酸 (ふっかすいそさん, ​fukka suiso san): hydrofluoric acid 弗化物 (ふっかぶつ, ​fukkabutsu): fluoride 六弗化硫黄 (ろくふっかいおう, ​ろくふっかいおう): sulfur hexafluoride 弗酸 (ふっさん, ​fussan): short for 弗化水素酸 (​fukka suiso san): hydrofluoric acid 弗素 (ふっそ, ​fusso): fluorine, F

Purely phonetic uses: 阿弗利加, 亜弗利加 (アフリカ, ​Afurika): Africa 阿弗利加系亜米利加人 (アフリカけいアメリカじん, ​Afurika-kei Amerikajin): an African American (person) 阿弗利加野驢馬 (アフリカのろば, ​Afurika noroba): the African wild ass: Equus africanus

Usage notes

Seldom used. In chemistry contexts, almost always spelled in katakana as フツ, appearing in most compounds as フッ. This is probably a reflection of this term's roots as a 外来語 (gairaigo, “word borrowed from another language”).

Etymology 2

Wikipedia ^ja Wikipedia

弗 (doru): evolution of the dollar symbol for both the United States and (now obsolete) Spanish dollar.

Kanji in this term

弗

どる Hyōgaiji

kun'yomi

Repurposed for its visual similarity to the dollar symbol $. This reading is ultimately a borrowing from Dutch dollar.

Pronunciation

• Kun'yomi
• (Tokyo) ド​ル [dóꜜrù] (Atamadaka - [1])
• IPA^(key): [do̞ɾ̠ɯᵝ]

Alternative forms

• ドル, ㌦

Symbol

弗 (katakana ドル, romaji doru)

1. a dollar

Usage notes

Occasionally seen, but more often encountered in the katakana spelling of ドル.

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Korean

Hanja

弗 (bul) (hangeul 불, revised bul, McCune-Reischauer pul, Yale pul)

1. This entry needs a definition. Please add one, then remove {{defn}}.

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Vietnamese

Han character

弗 (phất)

1. This entry needs a definition. Please add one, then remove {{defn}}.