心

Translingual

Stroke order

Alternative forms

• 忄 (when used as a left Chinese radical)
• 㣺 (sometimes when used as a bottom Chinese radical, like 慕)

Etymology

Pictogram (象形) – a heart, now highly stylized.

心
Oracle bone script	Bronze inscriptions	Large seal script	Small seal script

Han character

心 (radical 61 心+0, 4 strokes, cangjie input 心 (P), four-corner 3300₀)

1. heart
2. mind, intelligence
3. soul
4. center, core

Usage notes

When written as a bottom radical, similar to 灬, but distinguished by the second stroke from the left being longer, and passing under the third stroke from the left – this is an important composition detail.

Descendants

• Index:Chinese radical/心

See also

• 必

References

• KangXi: page 375, character 1
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 10295
• Dae Jaweon: page 700, character 5
• Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 4, page 2267, character 1
• Unihan data for U+5FC3

---

Cantonese

Pronunciation

• IPA: /sɐm˥/

Hanzi

心 (jyutping sam1, Yale sam1)

1. heart

---

Hakka

Hanzi

心 (POJ sim, Guangdong sim¹, Hagfa Pinyim xim1)

References

• CCDICT (Chineselanguage.org)
• Academia Sinica - Hakka-English Dictionary
• Lau, Chun-fat. Hakka Pinyin Dictionary (Chinese). Hong Kong: The Chinese University Press, 1997 (Chinese IME supplement) ISBN 962-201-750-9.

---

Japanese

Etymology 1

/ko₂ko₂ro₂/: *[kəkərə] > [kokoro].

Pronunciation

• IPA: /kokoɾo/

• Audio

  (file)

Noun

心 (hiragana こころ, romaji kokoro)

1. mind, heart, spirit, soul; thoughts, ideas
2. attention, mind, interest
3. heart, feelings, emotion, emotional state
   • c. 759: Man'yōshū (book 14, poem #3466)

     麻可奈思美 奴礼婆許登尓豆 佐祢奈敝波 己許呂乃緒呂尓 能里弖可奈思母

4. wholeheartedness, sincerity, true heart
5. sympathy, heart, consideration, generous disposition
6. meaning, essence; answer (as to a riddle)

Etymology 2

Cognate with ura (“inside”).

Noun

心 (hiragana うら, romaji ura)

1. inner feelings; heart

Etymology 3

Noun

心 (hiragana しん, romaji shin)

1. heart, mind, core; spirit, vitality; inner strength, marrow
2. core (as of a fruit); wick; lead (as of a pencil); padding

Compounds

• 汎心論 (はんしんろん, hanshinron, “panpsychism”)

Etymology 4

Kanji

心 (grade 2 “Kyōiku” kanji)

Readings

• On: しん (shin)
• Kun: こころ (kokoro), ごころ (gokoro)
• Nanori: むね (mune), まこと (makoto), み (mi)

Derived terms

• 獅子心 (shishi kokoro/shishishin): lit. the "lionheart"
• 心の (しんの, shinno): lit. "of the mind, heart, soul &/or spirit..."
• 羨ましい (urayamashii): lit. "jealous, envious"

Compounds

compounds containing "心"

心変わり (kokorogawari): inconstancy 心付け (kokorozuke): gratuity 心残り (kokoronokori): reluctance 心許ない (kokoromotonai): uneasy, unsure 心意 (shin'i): mind 心音 (shin'on): heartbeat 心肝 (shinkan): heart 心眼 (shingan): mind's eye 心願 (shingan): prayer 心機 (shinki): attitude 心機一転 (shinki itten): change of attitude 心気 (shinki): mentality, mood 心腹 (shinpuku): chest and stomach 心がけ (kokorogake): dedication 心がける, 心掛ける (kokorogakeru): bear in mind 心意気 (kokoroiki): spirit, disposition 心外 (shingai): wholly unexpected 心掛け (kokorogake): readiness, intention 心境 (shinkyō): mental state 心強い (kokorozuyoi): heartening 心筋 (shinkin): heart muscle 心遣い (kokorozukai): solicitude, anxiety 心構え (kokorogamae): preparedness 心細い (kokorobosoi): helpless, forlorn 心情 (shinjō): sentiment, emotions 心神耗弱 (shinshin-mōjaku): mental retardation 心身 (shinshin): mind and body 心酔 (shinsui): adoration 心臓 (shinzō): heart 心臓病 (shinzōbyō): heart trouble 心待ち (kokoromachi): anticipation 心地 (kokochi): feeling, sensation 心中 (shinjū): lovers suicide 心中 (shinchū): true motives 心当たり (kokoroatari): having some knowledge of 心当たりが有る (kokoroatari ga aru): have an idea 心得 (kokoroe): knowledge

心得る (kokoroeru): be informed 心配 (shinpai): worry, concern 心不全 (shinfuzen) heart failure 心労 (shinrō): anxiety, worry 心理 (shinri): mentality 心理学 (shinrigaku): psychology 心電図 (shindenzu): electrocardiogram 心持ち (kokoromochi): feeling, mood 心尽くし (kokorozukushi): kindness, consideration 一心 (isshin): wholeheartedness 一心に (isshin ni): with one mind 会心 (kaishin): congeniality 核心 (kakushin): kernel, core 感心 (kanshin): admiration 感心する (kanshin suru): admire 関心 (kanshin): concern, interest 気心 (kigokoro): temper, disposition 虚栄心 (kyoeishin): vanity 虚心 (kyoshin); impartiality 疑心 (gishin): doubt, suspicion 苦心 (kushin): pain, anxiety 決心 (kesshin): determination 決心する (kesshin suru): decide 恋心 (koigokoro): awakening of love 好奇心 (kōkishin): curiosity 細心 (saishin): careful; discreet 初心 (shoshin): original intention 重心 (jūshin): center of gravity 人心 (jinshin): human nature 衷心 (chūshin): innermost feelings 中心 (chūshin): center, middle 都心 (toshin): city center 童心 (dōshin): child's mind 内心 (naishin): innermost thoughts 熱心 (nesshin): zeal, enthusiasm 腹心 (fukushin): trusted friend 腐心 (fushin): taking pains to

本心 (honshin): true feelings 真心 (magokoro): sincerity 無関心 (mukanshin): apathetic 無心 (mushin): innocence 物心 (monogokoro): judgment 野心 (yashin): ambition, aspiration 用心 (yōjin): care, precaution 良心 (ryōshin): conscience 炉心 (roshin): nuclear reactor core 安心 (anshin): relief, peace of mind 安心する (anshin suru): be relieved 肝心 (kanjin): essential, fundamental 安心感 (anshinkan): sense of security 関心事 (kanshinji): matter of concern 初心者 (shoshinsha): beginner 狭心症 (kyōshinshō): heart attack 用心深い (yōjinbukai): wary, watchful 居心地 (igokochi): comfort 住み心地 (sumigokochi): living in comfort 用心棒 (yōjinbō): bodyguard 遠心力 (enshinryoku): centrifugal force 求心力 (kyūshinryoku): centripetal force 以心伝心 (ishindenshin): empathy 孝心 (kōshin): filial devotion 脂肪心 (shibōshin): fatty heart 外心 (gaishin): outer center 子供心 (kodomogokoro): childlike mind 大和心 (yamatogokoro): the Japanese spirit 心を込めて, 心をこめて (kokoro o komete): devoted 心を配る (kokoro o kubaru): give attention 心を動かす (kokoro o ugokasu): impress 心から (shin kara, kokoro kara): heart and soul 心は良い男 (shin wa yoi otoko): good man at heart 心行く迄 (kokoroyuku made): to the heart's content 林檎の心 (ringo no shin): core of an apple 鉛筆の心 (enpitsu no shin): lead of a pencil

Phrases

• 心頭滅却すれば火もまた涼し

References

• 2002 [c. 759], Akihiro Satake; Hideo Yamada, Rikio Kudō, Masao Ōtani, Yoshiyuki Yamazaki, Shin Nihon Koten Bungaku Taikei 3: Man'yōshū 3 (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Iwanami Shoten, ISBN 4-00-240003-4:

---

Korean

Hanja

心
Eumhun:

• Sound (hangeul): 심 (revised: sim, McCune-Reischauer: sim, Yale: sim)

• Name (hangeul): 마음()

Compounds

• 寒心 (한심): miserable

---

Mandarin

Pronunciation

• audio

  (file)

Hanzi

心 (pinyin xīn (xin1), Wade-Giles hsin¹)

Compounds

compounds

心爱 心安理得 心不死 心不在焉 心裁 心肠 心潮 心驰神往 心慈面软 心粗 心胆俱裂 心荡神知 心得 心底 心地 心电图 心电图机 心动 心毒 心烦 心房 心扉 心服 心浮 心腹 心腹之患 心甘 心甘情愿 心肝 心高气傲 心广体胖 心寒 心黑 心狠 心狠手辣 心花怒放 心怀 心怀鬼胎 心怀叵测 心慌 心慌意乱 心灰意懒 心回意转 心魂 心活 心机 心肌 心急 心急火燎 心计 心迹 心尖 心间 心焦 心绞痛 心劲 心惊胆战 心惊肉跳 心境 心静 心坎 心口 心口不一 心口如一 心宽 心宽体胖 心旷神怡 心劳计绌 心劳日拙 心里 心理 心理学 心力 心力交瘁 心力衰竭 心连心 心灵 心领 心领神会 心路

心律 心率 心满意足 心明眼亮 心目 心慕手追 心内膜 心平气和 心魄 心气 心窍 心切 心怯 心情 心曲 心如刀割 心软 心善 心上 心上人 心身 心神 心声 心盛 心事 心室 心术 心数 心思 心酸 心算 心碎 心态 心疼 心田 心跳 心贴心 心头 心头肉 心窝儿 心无二用 心细 心弦 心想 心心念念 心心相印 心性 心胸 心虚 心许 心绪 心血 心血来潮 心眼儿 心痒 心仪 心意 心音 心影 心硬 心有灵犀一点通 心有余而力不足 心有余悸 心余力绌 心猿意马 心愿 心悦诚服 心脏 心窄 心照 心折 心直口快 心志 心智 心中 心中无数 心中有数 心重 心子 心醉 點心

---

Middle Chinese

Han character

心 (*sim)

---

Min Nan

Hanzi

心 (POJ sim)

---

Vietnamese

Han character

心 (tâm, tấm, tim)

---

Wu

心

Pronunciation

• (Shanghai) (Taihu Wu): ɕiɲ(52)

References

• Eastling.org (东方语言学) - "Dialect Pronunciation and Historical Comparison: Shanghai Wu" by Qian Nairong (钱乃荣)