念

Translingual

Etymology

Old Chinese *niəm (Middle Chinese 去), *njəm (MC 上) (Li Fanggui (1971)). Cognate with Old Tibetan ཉམ, ཉམས (nyam(s), “soul, mind, heart”), སྙམ་པ (snyam-pa, “to think, to mind”).

Han character

念 (radical 61 心+4, 8 strokes, cangjie input 人戈弓心 (OINP), four-corner 8033₂, composition ⿱今心)

1. think of, recall, study
2. (same as 廿) twenty (20)

Derived characters

• 唸 捻 稔 鯰

References

• KangXi: page 378, character 21
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 10390
• Dae Jaweon: page 706, character 21
• Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 4, page 2274, character 4
• Unihan data for U+5FF5

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Cantonese

Hanzi

念 (Jyutping nim6, Yale nim6)

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Japanese

Kanji

念

(grade 4 “Kyōiku” kanji)

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Readings

• Goon: ねん (nen)
• Kan’on: でん (den) (non-Jōyō reading)
• Kun: おもう (omou), ねんじる (念じる, nenjiru)

Noun

念 (hiragana ねん, romaji nen)

1. sense
2. feeling

Compounds

• 念仏 (ねんぶつ, nenbutsu)
• 四念処 (しねんじょ, shinenjo) : Maha SatiPatthana

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Korean

Hanja

念 (nyeom, yeom) (hangeul 념, 염, revised nyeom, nyum, yeom, yum, McCune-Reischauer nyŏm, yŏm, Yale nyem, yem)

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Mandarin

Pronunciation

• audio

  (file)

Hanzi

念 (Pinyin niàn (nian4), Wade-Giles nien⁴)

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Compounds

• 紀念品 (jìniànpǐn)

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Middle Chinese

Han character

念 (*nèm)

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Min Nan

Hanzi

念 (TLPA liām (liam⁷))

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References

• Taiwan Min Nan Common Words Dictionary (臺灣閩南語常用詞辭典)

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Vietnamese

Han character

念 (niệm, niềm, núm)

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