患

Translingual

Etymology

Phono-semantic compound (形聲): phonetic 串 (“skewer”) + semantic 心 (“heart”) – pain in the heart. Note the use of 串 (“skewer”), suggesting the heart being pierced with suffering.

Han character

患 (radical 61 心+7, 11 strokes, cangjie input 中中心 (LLP), four-corner 5033₆, composition ⿱串心)

1. suffer, worry about
2. suffering

References

• KangXi: page 388, character 16
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 10691
• Dae Jaweon: page 721, character 8
• Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 4, page 2300, character 9
• Unihan data for U+60A3

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Chinese

		-
simp. and trad.		患

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): huàn (huan⁴)

  (Zhuyin): ㄏㄨㄢˋ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): waan⁶
• Min Nan (POJ): hōan

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese, Beijing)⁺
    • Pinyin: huàn
    • Zhuyin: ㄏㄨㄢˋ
    • Wade-Giles: huan⁴
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: huann
    • IPA ^(key): /xu̯a̠n⁵¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
    • Jyutping: waan⁶
    • Yale: waahn
    • Cantonese Pinyin: waan⁶
    • IPA ^(key): /wɑːn²²/
• Min Nan
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hōan
    • Tâi-lô: huān
    • IPA (Taipei): /huan³³/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /huan²²/

Middle Chinese pronunciation (患, reconstructed)
Character (患), Pronunciation 1/1
Initial: 匣 (33) Final: 刪 Division: II			Openness: Closed Tone: Departing (H)			Fanqie: 胡慣切
Zhengzhang Shangfang	Bernard Karlgren	Li Rong	Pan Wuyun	Edwin Pulleyblank	Wang Li	Shao Rongfen
/ɦɣuanH/	/ɣwanH/	/ɣuanH/	/ɦʷɯanH/	/ɦwaɨnH/	/ɣwanH/	/ɣuɐnH/

Old Chinese pronunciation (患, reconstructed)
Baxter-Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character								Modern Beijing (Pinyin)								Middle Chinese								Old Chinese								English
患								huàn								‹ hwænH ›								/*[ɡ]ˤro[n]-s/								calamity; distress
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter-Sagart system: Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character					No.					Phonetic component					Rime group					Rime subdivision					Corresponding MC rime					Old Chinese					Notes
患					5364					患					元					3					患					/*ɡroːns/					本從串（毌）聲

Compounds

• 患难见真情 (患難見真情)

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Japanese

Kanji

患

(common “Jōyō” kanji)

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Readings

• Goon: げん (gen)
• Kan’on: かん (kan)
• Kun: わずらう (wazurau), うれえる (ureeru), うれい (urei)

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Korean

Hanja

患 (hwan) (hangeul 환, revised hwan, McCune-Reischauer hwan, Yale hwan)

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Vietnamese

Han character

患 (hoạn)

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