惡

See also: 悪, 恶, 亞, and 噩

Translingual[edit]

惡 (radical 61 心+8, 12 strokes, cangjie input 一一心 (MMP), four-corner 1033₁, composition ⿱亞心)

		-
trad.		惡
simp.		恶

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese, Beijing)⁺
  - Pinyin: è
  - Zhuyin: ㄜˋ
  - Wade-Giles: o⁴
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: eh
  - IPA ^(key): /ˀɤ⁵¹/
- (Standard Chinese, Beijing)⁺
  - Pinyin: wù
  - Zhuyin: ㄨˋ
  - Wade-Giles: wu⁴
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: wuh
  - IPA ^(key): /u⁵¹/
- (Standard Chinese, Beijing)⁺
  - Pinyin: wū
  - Zhuyin: ㄨ
  - Wade-Giles: wu¹
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: u
  - IPA ^(key): /u⁵⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
  - Jyutping: ngok³, ok³, wu¹, wu³
  - Yale: ngok, ok, wū, wu
  - Cantonese Pinyin: ngok⁸, ok⁸, wu¹, wu³
  - IPA ^(key): /ŋɔːk̚³/, /ɔːk̚³/, /wuː⁵⁵/, /wuː³³/
Hakka
- Romanisations:
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: ok
  - IPA (Siyen, incl. Miaoli): /ok̚²/
Min Nan
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ok / òⁿ
  - Tâi-lô: ok / ònn
  - IPA (Taipei): /ɔk̚³²/, /ɔ̃¹¹/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /ɔk̚³²/, /ɔ̃²¹/
Wu
- (Shanghainese)
  - WT Romanisation: u (T3); oq (T5)
  - IPA ^(key): /ɯ²³/, /ʊʔ¹²/

Middle Chinese pronunciation (惡, reconstructed)
Character (惡), Pronunciation 1/3
Initial: 影 (34) Final: 模 Division: I			Openness: Open Tone: Level (Ø)			Fanqie: 哀都切
Zhengzhang Shangfang	Bernard Karlgren	Li Rong	Pan Wuyun	Edwin Pulleyblank	Wang Li	Shao Rongfen
/ʔuo/	/ʔuo/	/ʔo/	/ʔuo/	/ʔɔ/	/u/	/ʔo/
Character (惡), Pronunciation 2/3
Initial: 影 (34) Final: 模 Division: I			Openness: Open Tone: Departing (H)			Fanqie: 烏路切
Zhengzhang Shangfang	Bernard Karlgren	Li Rong	Pan Wuyun	Edwin Pulleyblank	Wang Li	Shao Rongfen
/ʔuo^H/	/ʔuo^H/	/ʔo^H/	/ʔuo^H/	/ʔɔ^H/	/u^H/	/ʔo^H/
Character (惡), Pronunciation 3/3
Initial: 影 (34) Final: 鐸 Division: I			Openness: Open Tone: Checked (Ø)			Fanqie: 烏各切
Zhengzhang Shangfang	Bernard Karlgren	Li Rong	Pan Wuyun	Edwin Pulleyblank	Wang Li	Shao Rongfen
/ʔɑk̚/	/ʔɑk̚/	/ʔɑk̚/	/ʔɑk̚/	/ʔak̚/	/ɑk̚/	/ʔɑk̚/

Old Chinese pronunciation (惡, reconstructed)
Baxter-Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character		Modern Beijing (Pinyin)			Middle Chinese		Old Chinese			English
惡		è			‹ ʔak ›		/*ʔˤak/			bad, ugly
惡		wù			‹ ʔu^H ›		/*ʔˤak-s/			hate (v.)
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter-Sagart system: Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or *-p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	No.		Phonetic component	Rime group		Rime subdivision		Corresponding MC rime	Old Chinese		Notes
惡	14217		亞	魚		0		烏	/*qaː/
惡	14219		亞	暮		0		汙	/*qaːɡs/
惡	14220		亞	鐸		0		惡	/*qaːɡ/