惶恐

Chinese

		frightened	afraid; frightened; to fear
trad. (惶恐)		惶	恐
simp. #(惶恐)		惶	恐
anagram		恐惶

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): huángkǒng

  (Zhuyin): ㄏㄨㄤˊ ㄎㄨㄥˇ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): wong⁴ hung²
• Eastern Min (BUC): huòng-kṳ̄ng
• Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): hông-khióng

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: huángkǒng
    • Zhuyin: ㄏㄨㄤˊ ㄎㄨㄥˇ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: huángkǒng
    • Wade–Giles: huang²-kʻung³
    • Yale: hwáng-kǔng
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: hwangkoong
    • Palladius: хуанкун (xuankun)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /xu̯ɑŋ³⁵ kʰʊŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: wong⁴ hung²
    • Yale: wòhng húng
    • Cantonese Pinyin: wong⁴ hung²
    • Guangdong Romanization: wong⁴ hung²
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /wɔːŋ²¹ hʊŋ³⁵/
• Eastern Min
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: huòng-kṳ̄ng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /huoŋ⁵³⁻³³ ^(kʰ-)ŋyŋ³³/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hông-khióng
    • Tâi-lô: hông-khióng
    • Phofsit Daibuun: hongqiorng
    • IPA (Xiamen): /hɔŋ²⁴⁻²² kʰiɔŋ⁵³/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /hɔŋ¹³⁻²² kʰiɔŋ⁵³/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /hɔŋ²⁴⁻²² kʰiɔŋ⁵⁵⁴/

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• Middle Chinese: hwang khjowngX

Rime
Character	惶	恐
Reading #	1/1	1/2
Initial (聲)	匣 (33)	溪 (29)
Final (韻)	唐 (102)	鍾 (7)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Closed	Open
Division (等)	I	III
Fanqie	胡光切	丘隴切
Baxter	hwang	khjowngX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ɦwɑŋ/	/kʰɨoŋX/
Pan Wuyun	/ɦʷɑŋ/	/kʰioŋX/
Shao Rongfen	/ɣuɑŋ/	/kʰioŋX/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ɦwaŋ/	/kʰuawŋX/
Li Rong	/ɣuɑŋ/	/kʰioŋX/
Wang Li	/ɣuɑŋ/	/kʰĭwoŋX/
Bernard Karlgren	/ɣwɑŋ/	/kʰi̯woŋX/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	huáng	qiǒng
Expected Cantonese Reflex	wong4	hung2

• Old Chinese

  (Zhengzhang): /*ɡʷaːŋ  kʰoŋʔ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	恐
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	kǒng
Middle Chinese	‹ khjowngX ›
Old Chinese	/*kʰ(r)oŋʔ/
English	fear
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	惶	恐
Reading #	1/1	1/2
No.	12697	4071
Phonetic component	王	工
Rime group	陽	東
Rime subdivision	0	0
Corresponding MC rime	黃	恐
Old Chinese	/*ɡʷaːŋ/	/*kʰoŋʔ/

Adjective

惶恐

1. terrified; scared; frightened

Synonyms

• 刺促 (literary)
• 怖懼／怖惧 (bùjù) (literary)
• 恐慌 (kǒnghuāng)
• 恐懼／恐惧 (kǒngjù)
• 慹／𰑔 (zhí)
• 遑急 (huángjí) (literary)
• 驚恐／惊恐 (jīngkǒng)
• 驚惶／惊惶 (jīnghuáng) (literary or Min Nan)
• 驚慌／惊慌 (jīnghuāng)
• 驚駭／惊骇 (jīnghài) (literary)

 

Adverb

惶恐

1. in a terrified manner

Derived terms

• 惶恐不安 (huángkǒngbù'ān)