愈

See also: 癒 and 瘉

愈 U+6108, 愈 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6108 ← 愇 [U+6107] CJK Unified Ideographs 愉 → [U+6109]

愈 U+FA88, 愈 CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-FA88 ← 慎 [U+FA87] CJK Compatibility Ideographs 憎 → [U+FA89]

Translingual

Han character

愈 (Kangxi radical 61, 心+9, 13 strokes, cangjie input 人一月心 (OMBP), four-corner 8033₂, composition ⿱俞心(GHTV) or ⿱兪心(JK))

Derived characters

• 𠏚, 𡀍, 𪤣, 𢷀, 𤀒, 𱢻, 𣜴, 𭶖, 𤪂, 𫗃, 𥣒, 𨮋, 𩙍, 𬲠
• 𬲇, 𬷴, 𪬪, 𦾤, 𫗄, 𬕷, 𲊊, 𲋊, 癒

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 394, character 3
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 10904
• Dae Jaweon: page 730, character 14
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2322, character 15
• Unihan data for U+6108

• Unihan data for U+FA88

Chinese

trad.		愈
simp. #		愈
alternative forms		俞

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (俞) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
褕	*low, *lo
偷	*l̥ʰoː
媮	*l̥ʰoː, *lo
鍮	*l̥ʰoː
緰	*l'oː, *slo
牏	*l'oː, *l'os, *lo
揄	*l'oː, *l'oːʔ, *lu, *lo
窬	*l'oː, *l'oːs, *lo
歈	*l'oː, *lo
俞	*l̥ʰus, *lo
隃	*slo, *hljo, *hljos, *lo
毹	*sro
輸	*hljo, *hljos
鄃	*hljo, *lo
腧	*hljos
逾	*lo
榆	*lo
愉	*lo
渝	*lo
瑜	*lo
蕍	*lo
覦	*lo, *los
蝓	*lo
踰	*lo
崳	*lo
羭	*lo
堬	*lo
瘉	*lo, *loʔ
萮	*lo
騟	*lo
愈	*loʔ
貐	*loʔ
喻	*los
諭	*los

Pronunciation 1

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): yù (yu⁴)

  (Zhuyin): ㄩˋ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): jyu⁶
• Eastern Min (BUC): ṳ̄
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): lú / jú / jí / ū / ú

  (Teochew, Peng'im): ru²

• Wu (Wugniu)
  • (Northern): ⁶yu

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: yù
    • Zhuyin: ㄩˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: yù
    • Wade–Giles: yü⁴
    • Yale: yù
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yuh
    • Palladius: юй (juj)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /y⁵¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: jyu⁶
    • Yale: yuh
    • Cantonese Pinyin: jy⁶
    • Guangdong Romanization: yu⁶
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /jyː²²/
• Eastern Min
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: ṳ̄
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /y³³/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Taipei, Kinmen)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: lú
    • Tâi-lô: lú
    • Phofsit Daibuun: luo
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /lu⁵⁵⁴/
    • IPA (Xiamen, Taipei, Kinmen): /lu⁵³/
  • (Hokkien: Kaohsiung)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: jú
    • Tâi-lô: jú
    • Phofsit Daibuun: juo
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /zu⁴¹/
  • (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: jí
    • Tâi-lô: jí
    • Phofsit Daibuun: jie
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /d͡zi⁵³/
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ū
    • Tâi-lô: ū
    • Phofsit Daibuun: u
    • IPA (Xiamen): /u²²/
  • (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ú
    • Tâi-lô: ú
    • Phofsit Daibuun: uo
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /u⁵⁵⁴/

Note:

• Xiamen, Quanzhou:
  • lú - vernacular;
  • ū/ú - literary.

• (Teochew)
  • Peng'im: ru²
  • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: jú
  • Sinological IPA ^(key): /d͡zu⁵²/
• Wu
  • (Shanghai)
    • Wugniu: ⁶yu
    • MiniDict: yu^去
    • Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ³hhy
    • Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /ɦy²³/

---

• Middle Chinese: yuX

Rime
Character	愈
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	以 (36)
Final (韻)	虞 (24)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Closed
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	以主切
Baxter	yuX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/jɨoX/
Pan Wuyun	/jioX/
Shao Rongfen	/ioX/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/juə̆X/
Li Rong	/ioX/
Wang Li	/jĭuX/
Bernard Karlgren	/i̯uX/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	yǔ
Expected Cantonese Reflex	jyu5

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*loʔ/

  (Zhengzhang): /*loʔ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	愈
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	yù
Middle Chinese	‹ yuX ›
Old Chinese	/*loʔ/
English	increase
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	愈
Reading #	1/1
No.	15877
Phonetic component	俞
Rime group	侯
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	庾
Old Chinese	/*loʔ/

Definitions

愈

1. more and more; even more
2. (formal) to excel; to surpass; to outdo
3. a surname: Yu

Synonyms

• (more and more):

• 力更 (Teochew)
• 加二 (¹ka-nyi) (Wu)
• 加偌 (Hokkien)
• 又加 (³hhi-ka) (Wu)
• 又閣較／又阁较 (Xiamen Hokkien, Zhangzhou Hokkien)
• 彌／弥 (literary)
• 愈加 (yùjiā)
• 愈發／愈发 (yùfā)
• 愈益 (yùyì)
• 更 (gèng)
• 更加 (gèngjiā)
• 更見／更见 (gen⁴ jian⁴) (Sichuanese)
• 益 (yì) (literary)
• 益發／益发 (yìfā)
• 罔 (muōng) (Eastern Min)
• 越
• 越加 (yuèjiā)
• 越發／越发 (yuèfā)
• 重 (Cantonese)
• 閣較／阁较 (Hokkien)

 

• (to excel):

• 出乎 (chūhū)
• 勝過／胜过 (shèngguò)
• 強似／强似 (qiángsì) (formal)
• 強過／强过 (Quanzhou Hokkien)
• 蓋／盖 (literary)
• 蓋過／盖过 (Hakka)
• 賽過／赛过 (sàiguò)
• 超 (chāo)
• 越出 (yuèchū)
• 超出 (chāochū)
• 超越 (chāoyuè)
• 越過／越过 (yuèguò)
• 超過／超过 (chāoguò)
• 跨越 (kuàyuè)
• 軼越／轶越 (yìyuè) (literary)
• 逾越 (yúyuè)
• 開過／开过 (kāiguò) (Beijing Mandarin)

 

Compounds

• 大愈
• 愈……愈…… (yù ... yù ...)
• 愈出愈奇
• 愈加 (yùjiā)
• 愈合 (yùhé)
• 愈愈
• 愈戰愈勇／愈战愈勇
• 愈挫愈奮／愈挫愈奋
• 愈演愈烈 (yùyǎnyùliè)
• 愈發／愈发 (yùfā)
• 每下愈況／每下愈况 (měixiàyùkuàng)
• 每況愈下／每况愈下 (měikuàngyùxià)

 

Pronunciation 2

For pronunciation and definitions of 愈 – see 癒 (“to recover”). (This character is the simplified and variant traditional form of 癒).

Notes: Simplified Chinese is mainly used in Mainland China, Malaysia, and Singapore. Traditional Chinese is mainly used in Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan.

Japanese

Kanji

愈

(uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji)

1. healing

Readings

• On (unclassified): ゆ (yu)
• Kun: まさる (masaru); いよいよ (iyoiyo)
• Nanori: いよ (iyo); まさる (masaru)

Definitions

Kanji in this term
愈
いよいよ Hyōgaiji
kun’yomi

For pronunciation and definitions of 愈 – see the following entry.

【いよいよ】 [adverb] more and more; increasingly [adverb] finally; at last [adverb] indeed; really; no doubt Alternative spellings 愈々, 弥々

(This term, 愈, is an alternative spelling of the above term.)

Korean

Hanja

愈 • (yu) (hangeul 유, revised yu, McCune–Reischauer yu, Yale yu)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

Han character

愈: Hán Nôm readings: rủ

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.