慘

See also: 惨

Translingual

Han character

慘 (radical 61 心+11, 14 strokes, cangjie input 心戈戈竹 (PIIH), four-corner 9302₂, composition ⿰忄參)

1. sad, pitiful, wretched
2. cruel

References

• KangXi: page 398, character 38
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 11094
• Dae Jaweon: page 738, character 3
• Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 4, page 2348, character 11
• Unihan data for U+6158

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Chinese

		-
trad.		慘
simp.		惨

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): cǎn (can³)

  (Zhuyin): ㄘㄢˇ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): caam²
• Hakka (Pha̍k-fa-sṳ): chhám
• Min Nan (POJ): chhám

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese, Beijing)⁺
    • Pinyin: cǎn
    • Zhuyin: ㄘㄢˇ
    • Wade-Giles: ts'an³
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tsaan
    • IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰa̠n²¹⁴/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
    • Jyutping: caam²
    • Yale: cháam
    • Cantonese Pinyin: tsaam²
    • IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰɑːm³⁵/
• Hakka
  • Romanisations:
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chhám
    • IPA (Siyen, incl. Miaoli): /t͡sʰam³¹/
• Min Nan
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhám
    • Tâi-lô: tshám
    • IPA (Taipei): /t͡sʰam⁴¹/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡sʰam⁵³/

Middle Chinese pronunciation (慘, reconstructed)
Character (慘), Pronunciation 1/1
Initial: 清 (14) Final: 覃 Division: I			Openness: Open Tone: Rising (X)			Fanqie: 七感切
Zhengzhang Shangfang	Bernard Karlgren	Li Rong	Pan Wuyun	Edwin Pulleyblank	Wang Li	Shao Rongfen
/t͡sʰʌmX/	/t͡sʰămX/	/t͡sʰᴀmX/	/t͡sʰəmX/	/t͡sʰəmX/	/t͡sʰɒmX/	/t͡sʰɒmX/

Old Chinese pronunciation (慘, reconstructed)
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character					No.					Phonetic component					Rime group					Rime subdivision					Corresponding MC rime					Old Chinese					Notes
慘					1084					參					侵					3					慘					/*sʰluːmʔ/

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Japanese

Kanji

慘

(uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji)

1. This entry needs a definition. Please add one, then remove {{defn}}.

Readings

• On: さん (san), ざん (zan)
• Kun: みじめ (mijime)

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Korean

Hanja

慘 (cham, chim) (hangeul 참, 침, revised cham, chim, McCune-Reischauer ch'am, ch'im, Yale cham, chim)

1. This entry needs a definition. Please add one, then remove {{defn}}.

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Vietnamese

Han character

慘 (thảm, thom, thỏm)

1. This entry needs a definition. Please add one, then remove {{defn}}.