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See also:
U+6163, 慣
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6163

[U+6162]
CJK Unified Ideographs
[U+6164]

Translingual[edit]

Han character[edit]

(Kangxi radical 61, +11, 14 strokes, cangjie input 心田十金 (PWJC), four-corner 97086, composition )

Descendants[edit]

References[edit]

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 399, character 13
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 11111
  • Dae Jaweon: page 739, character 1
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2349, character 1
  • Unihan data for U+6163

Chinese[edit]

trad.
simp.

Glyph origin[edit]

Phono-semantic compound (形聲形声, OC *kroːns): semantic (heart) + phonetic (OC *koːn, *koːns) – habit is what one does by heart.

Pronunciation[edit]


Note:
  • gáing - vernacular (“accustomed”);
  • guáng - literary.
  • Southern Min
  • Note:
    • koàn - literary;
    • kòaiⁿ/kùiⁿ - vernacular.
    Note:
    • guang3 - Shantou;
    • guêng3 - Chaozhou;
    • guin3 - dialectal usage (in 慣性).
  • Wu

    • Dialectal data
    Variety Location
    Mandarin Beijing /kuan⁵¹/
    Harbin /kaun⁵³/
    Tianjin /kuan⁵³/
    Jinan /kuã²¹/
    Qingdao /kuã⁴²/
    Zhengzhou /kuan³¹²/
    Xi'an /kuã⁴⁴/
    Xining /kuã²¹³/
    Yinchuan /kuan¹³/
    Lanzhou /kuɛ̃n¹³/
    Ürümqi /kuan²¹³/
    Wuhan /kuan³⁵/
    Chengdu /kuan¹³/
    Guiyang /kuan²¹³/
    Kunming /kuã̠²¹²/
    Nanjing /kuaŋ⁴⁴/
    Hefei /kʊ̃⁵³/
    Jin Taiyuan /kuæ̃⁴⁵/
    Pingyao /kuɑŋ³⁵/
    Hohhot /kuæ̃⁵⁵/
    Wu Shanghai /kue³⁵/
    Suzhou /kue̞⁵¹³/
    Hangzhou /kuõ⁴⁴⁵/
    Wenzhou /ka⁴²/
    Hui Shexian /kuɛ³²⁴/
    Tunxi /kuːə⁴²/
    Xiang Changsha /kuan⁵⁵/
    Xiangtan /kuan⁵⁵/
    Gan Nanchang /kuan⁴⁵/
    Hakka Meixian /kuan⁵³/
    Taoyuan /kuɑn⁵⁵/
    Cantonese Guangzhou /kwan³³/
    Nanning /kʷɛn³³/
    Hong Kong /kwan³³/
    Min Xiamen (Hokkien) /kuan²¹/
    /kuãi²¹/
    /kuĩ²¹/
    Fuzhou (Eastern Min) /kuɑŋ²¹²/
    Jian'ou (Northern Min) /kuiŋ³³/
    Shantou (Teochew) /kuaŋ²¹³/
    /kũi²¹³/
    Haikou (Hainanese) /kuaŋ³⁵/

    Rime
    Character
    Reading # 1/1
    Initial () (28)
    Final () (70)
    Tone (調) Departing (H)
    Openness (開合) Closed
    Division () II
    Fanqie
    Baxter kwaenH
    Reconstructions
    Zhengzhang
    Shangfang
    /kˠuanH/
    Pan
    Wuyun
    /kʷᵚanH/
    Shao
    Rongfen
    /kuɐnH/
    Edwin
    Pulleyblank
    /kwaɨnH/
    Li
    Rong
    /kuanH/
    Wang
    Li
    /kwanH/
    Bernard
    Karlgren
    /kwanH/
    Expected
    Mandarin
    Reflex
    guàn
    Expected
    Cantonese
    Reflex
    gwaan3
    BaxterSagart system 1.1 (2014)
    Character
    Reading # 1/1
    Modern
    Beijing
    (Pinyin)
    guàn
    Middle
    Chinese
    ‹ kwænH ›
    Old
    Chinese
    /*kˁro[n]-s/
    English accustomed to

    Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

    * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
    * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
    * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
    * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

    * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
    Zhengzhang system (2003)
    Character
    Reading # 1/1
    No. 4471
    Phonetic
    component
    Rime
    group
    Rime
    subdivision
    3
    Corresponding
    MC rime
    Old
    Chinese
    /*kroːns/
    Notes

    Definitions[edit]

    1. to be accustomed to; to be used to
    2. to spoil; to overindulge
    3. (literary, or in compounds) habit; custom
    4. (literary, or in compounds) habitually; usually

    Synonyms[edit]

    • (to be accustomed to):
    • (to spoil):
    • (habitually):

    Compounds[edit]

    Japanese[edit]

    Kanji[edit]

    (grade 5 “Kyōiku” kanji)

    Readings[edit]

    Etymology[edit]

    Kanji in this term
    かん
    Grade: 5
    kan’on

    From Middle Chinese (MC kwaenH).

    Pronunciation[edit]

    Affix[edit]

    (かん) (kanくわん (kwan)?

    1. used to; accustomed; custom; habit

    Compounds[edit]

    Korean[edit]

    Etymology[edit]

    From Middle Chinese (MC kwaenH).

    Hanja[edit]

    (eumhun 버릇 (beoreut gwan))

    1. Hanja form? of (custom; habit).

    Compounds[edit]

    References[edit]

    • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전/電子字典. [1]

    Vietnamese[edit]

    Han character[edit]

    : Hán Nôm readings: quen, quán

    1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.