摩訶婆羅多

See also: 摩诃婆罗多

Chinese

		phonetic
trad. (摩訶婆羅多)		摩訶	婆羅多
simp. (摩诃婆罗多)		摩诃	婆罗多

Etymology

Phonetic borrowing from Sanskrit महाभारत (mahābhārata), from महा (mahā) + भारत (bhārata). Although a full translation appeared much later, the title itself was mentioned in Chinese as late as in the early 20th century, for example, in the novel The Lone Swan (《斷鴻零雁記》) by Su Manshu [1912]. Variant forms existed, such as 摩訶波羅多 used by Lu Xun [1907]. The Chinese characters chosen for their phonetic values were influenced by the phonetics and conventions of Middle Chinese, into which a substantial corpus of Indic-language works were translated, where it would have be reconstructed as 摩訶婆羅多 (MC ma xa ba la ta).

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): Móhēpóluóduō

  (Zhuyin): ㄇㄛˊ ㄏㄜ ㄆㄛˊ ㄌㄨㄛˊ ㄉㄨㄛ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): mo¹ ho¹ po⁴ lo⁴ do¹

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: Móhēpóluóduō
    • Zhuyin: ㄇㄛˊ ㄏㄜ ㄆㄛˊ ㄌㄨㄛˊ ㄉㄨㄛ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: Móhepóluóduo
    • Wade–Giles: Mo²-ho¹-pʻo²-lo²-to¹
    • Yale: Mwó-hē-pwó-lwó-dwō
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: Moheporluoduo
    • Palladius: Мохэполодо (Moxɛpolodo)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /mu̯ɔ³⁵ xɤ⁵⁵ pʰu̯ɔ³⁵ lu̯ɔ³⁵ tu̯ɔ⁵⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: mo¹ ho¹ po⁴ lo⁴ do¹
    • Yale: mō hō pòh lòh dō
    • Cantonese Pinyin: mo¹ ho¹ po⁴ lo⁴ do¹
    • Guangdong Romanization: mo¹ ho¹ po⁴ lo⁴ do¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /mɔː⁵⁵ hɔː⁵⁵ pʰɔː²¹ lɔː²¹ tɔː⁵⁵/

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• Middle Chinese: ma|maH xa ba la ta

Rime
Character	摩	摩	訶	婆	羅	多
Reading #	1/2	2/2	1/1	1/1	1/1	1/1
Initial (聲)	明 (4)	明 (4)	曉 (32)	並 (3)	來 (37)	端 (5)
Final (韻)	戈 (95)	戈 (95)	歌 (94)	戈 (95)	歌 (94)	歌 (94)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Departing (H)	Level (Ø)	Level (Ø)	Level (Ø)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Closed	Closed	Open	Closed	Open	Open
Division (等)	I	I	I	I	I	I
Fanqie	莫婆切	摸卧切	虎何切	薄波切	魯何切	得何切
Baxter	ma	maH	xa	ba	la	ta
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/muɑ/	/muɑH/	/hɑ/	/buɑ/	/lɑ/	/tɑ/
Pan Wuyun	/muɑ/	/muɑH/	/hɑ/	/buɑ/	/lɑ/	/tɑ/
Shao Rongfen	/muɑ/	/muɑH/	/xɑ/	/buɑ/	/lɑ/	/tɑ/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/mwa/	/mwaH/	/ha/	/bwa/	/la/	/ta/
Li Rong	/muɑ/	/muɑH/	/xɑ/	/buɑ/	/lɑ/	/tɑ/
Wang Li	/muɑ/	/muɑH/	/xɑ/	/buɑ/	/lɑ/	/tɑ/
Bernard Karlgren	/muɑ/	/muɑH/	/xɑ/	/bʱuɑ/	/lɑ/	/tɑ/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	mó	mò	hē	pó	luó	duō
Expected Cantonese Reflex	mo4	mo6	ho1	po4	lo4	do1

Proper noun

摩訶婆羅多

1. the Mahabharata (Sanskrit epic)