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U+6539, 改
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6539

[U+6538]
CJK Unified Ideographs
[U+653A]

Translingual[edit]

Stroke order
7 strokes

Han character[edit]

(Kangxi radical 66, +3, 7 strokes, cangjie input 尸山人大 (SUOK), four-corner 18740, composition)

Derived characters[edit]

References[edit]

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 468, character 11
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 13114
  • Dae Jaweon: page 816, character 4
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1450, character 1
  • Unihan data for U+6539

Chinese[edit]

Glyph origin[edit]

Historical forms of the character
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
(gǎi) (in the form of 攺) from a Western-Han manuscript of the Yili in the clerical script.

In the oracle bone script, a phono-semantic compound (形聲形声, OC *klɯːʔ): phonetic (OC *ljɯʔ, *lɯs) + semantic .

Since the small seal script, the phonetic component has been changed to (OC *kɯʔ).

Etymology 1[edit]

simp. and trad.
alternative forms

Related to (OC *krɯːɡ, “to change”), (OC *kraːŋ, “to change”) (Wang, 1982).

Pronunciation[edit]


Note:
  • guōi - vernacular;
  • gāi - literary.
  • Southern Min
  • Note:
    • Xiamen, Quanzhou, Jinjiang, Zhangzhou:
      • kái - literary ("to change");
      • kóe/ké - vernacular ("to correct", "to abstain").
  • (Teochew)
  • Wu

  • Rime
    Character
    Reading # 1/1
    Initial () (28)
    Final () (41)
    Tone (調) Rising (X)
    Openness (開合) Open
    Division () I
    Fanqie
    Baxter kojX
    Reconstructions
    Zhengzhang
    Shangfang
    /kʌiX/
    Pan
    Wuyun
    /kəiX/
    Shao
    Rongfen
    /kɒiX/
    Edwin
    Pulleyblank
    /kəjX/
    Li
    Rong
    /kᴀiX/
    Wang
    Li
    /kɒiX/
    Bernard
    Karlgren
    /kɑ̆iX/
    Expected
    Mandarin
    Reflex
    gǎi
    Expected
    Cantonese
    Reflex
    goi2
    BaxterSagart system 1.1 (2014)
    Character
    Reading # 1/1
    Modern
    Beijing
    (Pinyin)
    gǎi
    Middle
    Chinese
    ‹ kojX ›
    Old
    Chinese
    /*C.qˁəʔ/
    English change (v.)

    Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

    * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
    * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
    * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
    * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

    * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
    Zhengzhang system (2003)
    Character
    Reading # 1/1
    No. 5763
    Phonetic
    component
    Rime
    group
    Rime
    subdivision
    0
    Corresponding
    MC rime
    Old
    Chinese
    /*klɯːʔ/

    Definitions[edit]

    1. to change; to transform; to alter; to modify
    2. to correct; to improve
    3. to mark; to correct; to grade (homework, an assignment, a test, etc.)
    4. (Hokkien) to give up; to quit; to abstain from (a bad habit)
    5. a surname
    Synonyms[edit]

    Compounds[edit]

    Etymology 2[edit]

    simp. and trad.
    alternative forms

    Probably from Japanese (かい) (kai).

    Pronunciation[edit]

    Definitions[edit]

    1. (Taiwanese Hokkien) Classifier for times, as in frequency.

    Japanese[edit]

    Kanji[edit]

    (grade 4 “Kyōiku” kanji)

    1. reform
    2. correct
    3. change

    Readings[edit]

    Compounds[edit]

    Etymology[edit]

    Kanji in this term
    かい
    Grade: 4
    on’yomi

    From Middle Chinese (MC kojX).

    Pronunciation[edit]

    Affix[edit]

    (かい) (kai

    1. change; modify; reform

    Suffix[edit]

    (かい) (-kai

    1. revision
    2. revised, modified
      チヌ(かい)
      chi-nu-kai
      Chi-Nu Kai
      装輪装甲車(そうりんそうこうしゃ)(かい)
      sōrin-sōkō-sha (kai)
      Wheeled Armoured Vehicle (Improved)

    Korean[edit]

    Hanja[edit]

    (eumhun 고칠 (gochil gae))

    1. Hanja form? of (reform; fix).

    Compounds[edit]

    Vietnamese[edit]

    Han character[edit]

    : Hán Nôm readings: cải, cãi, gởi, gửi

    1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.