改元

Chinese

		to change; to alter; to transform to change; to alter; to transform; to correct	primary; first; fundamental primary; first; fundamental; dollar; (dynasty)
simp. and trad. (改元)		改	元

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): gǎiyuán

  (Zhuyin): ㄍㄞˇ ㄩㄢˊ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): goi² jyun⁴

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: gǎiyuán
    • Zhuyin: ㄍㄞˇ ㄩㄢˊ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: gǎiyuán
    • Wade–Giles: kai³-yüan²
    • Yale: gǎi-ywán
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: gaeyuan
    • Palladius: гайюань (gajjuanʹ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kaɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ ɥɛn³⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: goi² jyun⁴
    • Yale: gói yùhn
    • Cantonese Pinyin: goi² jyn⁴
    • Guangdong Romanization: goi² yun⁴
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kɔːi̯³⁵ jyːn²¹/

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• Middle Chinese: kojX ngjwon

Rime
Character	改	元
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Initial (聲)	見 (28)	疑 (31)
Final (韻)	咍 (41)	元 (66)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Closed
Division (等)	I	III
Fanqie	古亥切	愚袁切
Baxter	kojX	ngjwon
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/kʌiX/	/ŋʉɐn/
Pan Wuyun	/kəiX/	/ŋʷiɐn/
Shao Rongfen	/kɒiX/	/ŋiuɐn/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/kəjX/	/ŋuan/
Li Rong	/kᴀiX/	/ŋiuɐn/
Wang Li	/kɒiX/	/ŋĭwɐn/
Bernard Karlgren	/kɑ̆iX/	/ŋi̯wɐn/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	gǎi	yuán
Expected Cantonese Reflex	goi2	jyun4

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*C.qˤəʔ  [ŋ]o[r]/

  (Zhengzhang): /*klɯːʔ  ŋon/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	改	元
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	gǎi	yuán
Middle Chinese	‹ kojX ›	‹ ngjwon ›
Old Chinese	/*C.qˁəʔ/	/*[ŋ]o[r]/ (< nasal + uvular)
English	change (v.)	head; first
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	改	元
Reading #	1/1	1/1
No.	5763	16145
Phonetic component	己	元
Rime group	之	元
Rime subdivision	0	3
Corresponding MC rime	改	元
Old Chinese	/*klɯːʔ/	/*ŋon/

Verb

改⫽元 (verb-object)

1. (historical) to start over with the first year of a new Chinese era name; to change the title of an imperial reign

Synonyms

• (Classical Chinese) 改年 (gǎinián)

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (改元):

• → Japanese: 改元(かいげん) (kaigen)

Japanese

Kanji in this term
改	元
かい Grade: 4	げん Grade: 2
on’yomi

Noun

改(かい)元(げん) • (kaigen) 

1. change in the Imperial era name

Further reading

• 改元 on the Japanese Wikipedia.Wikipedia ^ja