敢

Translingual

Han character

敢 (radical 66 攴+7 in Chinese, 攴+8 in Japanese, in Chinese 11 strokes, in Japanese 12 strokes, cangjie input 一十人大 (MJOK), 弓十人大 (NJOK), four-corner 1814₀, composition ⿰⿱丅耳攵)

1. to dare, venture
2. bold, brave

Related characters

• 嚴 (厳)

References

• KangXi: page 472, character 26
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 13260
• Dae Jaweon: page 825, character 13
• Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 2, page 1463, character 9
• Unihan data for U+6562

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Chinese

		-
simp. and trad.		敢

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): gǎn (gan³)

  (Zhuyin): ㄍㄢˇ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): gam²
• Hakka (Pha̍k-fa-sṳ): kám
• Min Nan (POJ): káⁿ / kám

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese, Beijing)⁺
    • Pinyin: gǎn
    • Zhuyin: ㄍㄢˇ
    • Wade-Giles: kan³
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: gaan
    • IPA ^(key): /ka̠n²¹⁴/

    • (file)

• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
    • Jyutping: gam²
    • Yale: gám
    • Cantonese Pinyin: gam²
    • IPA ^(key): /kɐm³⁵/
• Hakka
  • Romanisations:
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: kám
    • IPA (Siyen, incl. Miaoli): /kam³¹/
• Min Nan
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: káⁿ / kám
    • Tâi-lô: kánn / kám
    • IPA (Taipei): /kã⁴¹/, /kam⁴¹/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /kã⁵³/, /kam⁵³/
  • Note: káⁿ - vernacular, kám - literary.

Middle Chinese pronunciation (敢, reconstructed)
Character (敢), Pronunciation 1/1
Initial: 見 (28) Final: 談 Division: I			Openness: Open Tone: Rising (X)			Fanqie: 古覽切
Zhengzhang Shangfang	Bernard Karlgren	Li Rong	Pan Wuyun	Edwin Pulleyblank	Wang Li	Shao Rongfen
/kɑmX/	/kɑmX/	/kɑmX/	/kɑmX/	/kamX/	/kɑmX/	/kɑmX/

Old Chinese pronunciation (敢, reconstructed)
Baxter-Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character								Modern Beijing (Pinyin)								Middle Chinese								Old Chinese								English
敢								gǎn								‹ kamX ›								/*[k]ˤamʔ/								dare
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter-Sagart system: Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character					No.					Phonetic component					Rime group					Rime subdivision					Corresponding MC rime					Old Chinese					Notes
敢					3674					敢					談					1					敢					/*klaːmʔ/					說文從爪又，古聲，金文從爭甘聲，此爲隸變

Verb

敢

1. to dare; to venture

   我們必須敢想，敢說，敢幹 [MSC, trad.]

   我们必须敢想，敢说，敢干 [MSC, simp.]

   wǒmen bìxū gǎn xiǎng, gǎn shuō, gǎn gān [Pinyin]

   We must dare to think, speak up and act.

   他不敢正眼看她。 [MSC, trad. and simp.]

   Tā bù gǎn zhèng yǎnkàn tā. [Pinyin]

   He didn't dare to look at her in the face.

   在那個風雨交加的夜晚，很少有人敢出去。 [MSC, trad.]

   在那个风雨交加的夜晚，很少有人敢出去。 [MSC, simp.]

   Zài nà ge fēngyǔ jiāojiā de yèwǎn, hěn shào yǒurén gǎn chūqù. [Pinyin]

   Very few people ventured to go out on that stormy night.

   你敢坐飛機飛行嗎？ [MSC, trad.]

   你敢坐飞机飞行吗？ [MSC, simp.]

   Nǐ gǎn zuò fēijī fēixíng ma? [Pinyin]

   Will you venture a flight in an air plane?

2. to be sure; to be certain

   敢肯定  ―  gǎn kěndìng  ―  to be sure, to be certain

   敢說 / 敢说  ―  gǎn shuō  ―  to be sure, to be certain

   我敢說，你解決不了這個難題 [MSC, trad.]

   我敢说，你解决不了这个难题 [MSC, simp.]

   wǒ gǎn shuō, nǐ jiějué bù le zhè ge nántí [Pinyin]

   I bet you can't do this puzzle.

Compounds

• 敢保
• 敢当
• 敢怒而不敢言
• 敢情
• 敢请
• 敢是
• 敢死队
• 敢问
• 敢于
• 敢作敢当

References

• (Min Nan) Taiwan Min Nan Common Words Dictionary (臺灣閩南語常用詞辭典)

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Japanese

Kanji

敢

(common “Jōyō” kanji)

1. This entry needs a definition. Please add one, then remove {{defn}}.

Readings

• On: かん (kan)
• Kun: あえて (aete)

Compounds

• 敢行
• 敢然
• 敢闘

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Korean

Hanja

敢 (gam)
Eumhun:

• Sound (hangeul): 감 (revised: gam, McCune-Reischauer: kam, Yale: kam)

• Name (hangeul): 감히()

1. This entry needs a definition. Please add one, then remove {{defn}}.

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Vietnamese

Han character

敢 (cảm, cám, dám)

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