昔

Translingual

Han character

昔 (radical 72 日+4, 8 strokes, cangjie input 廿日 (TA), four-corner 4460₁, composition ⿱龷日)

1. formerly
2. ancient
3. in the beginning

Derived characters

• 借 惜 醋 錯 耤 猎

References

• KangXi: page 492, character 5
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 13816
• Dae Jaweon: page 855, character 2
• Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 2, page 1488, character 11
• Unihan data for U+6614

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Chinese

		-
simp. and trad.		昔

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): xí, cuò (xi², cuo⁴)

  (Zhuyin): ㄒㄧˊ, ㄘㄨㄛˋ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): sik¹
• Min Nan (POJ): sik

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese, Beijing)⁺
    • Pinyin: xí
    • Zhuyin: ㄒㄧˊ
    • Wade-Giles: hsih²
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shyi
    • IPA ^(key): /ɕi³⁵/
      
      
  • (Standard Chinese, Beijing)⁺
    • Pinyin: cuò
    • Zhuyin: ㄘㄨㄛˋ
    • Wade-Giles: ts'o⁴
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tsuoh
    • IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰu̯ɔ⁵¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
    • Jyutping: sik¹
    • Yale: sīk
    • Cantonese Pinyin: sik⁷
    • IPA ^(key): /sɪk̚⁵/
• Min Nan
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sik
    • Tâi-lô: sik
    • IPA (Taipei): /ɕik̚³²/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /ɕik̚³²/

Middle Chinese pronunciation (昔, reconstructed)
Character (昔), Pronunciation 1/1
Initial: 心 (16) Final: 昔 Division: III			Openness: Open Tone: Checked (Ø)			Fanqie: 思積切
Zhengzhang Shangfang	Bernard Karlgren	Li Rong	Pan Wuyun	Edwin Pulleyblank	Wang Li	Shao Rongfen
/siᴇk̚/	/si̯ɛk̚/	/siɛk̚/	/siɛk̚/	/siajk̚/	/sĭɛk̚/	/siæk̚/

Old Chinese pronunciation (昔, reconstructed)
Baxter-Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character								Modern Beijing (Pinyin)								Middle Chinese								Old Chinese								English
昔								xī								‹ sjek ›								/*[s]Ak/								in the past
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter-Sagart system: Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character					No.					Phonetic component					Rime group					Rime subdivision					Corresponding MC rime					Old Chinese					Notes
昔					13309					昔					鐸					0					昔					/*sjaːɡ/

References

• (Min Nan) Taiwan Min Nan Common Words Dictionary (臺灣閩南語常用詞辭典)

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Japanese

Kanji

昔

(grade 3 “Kyōiku” kanji)

Readings

• Goon: しゃく (shaku)
• Kan’on: せき (seki)
• Kun: むかし (mukashi)

Etymology

Kanji in this term

昔

むかし Grade: 3

kun'yomi

From Old Japanese. The muka portion derives from the 未然形 (mizenkei, “incomplete form”) of verb 向く (muku, “to face opposite to something”), implying “that which stands opposite from the present”. The shi portion is suffix し (shi) indicating direction, also found in words 縦し (tatashi, “the standing or vertical direction”), 横し (yokoshi, “the sideways or horizontal direction”). This appears to be a somewhat rare alternative form, more commonly encountered as さ (sa), and may be cognate with the nominalizing adjective ending さ (sa).

Pronunciation

• Kun'yomi
• (Tokyo) むかし [mùkáshí] (Heiban - [0])
• IPA^(key): [mɯᵝka̠ɕi]

Adverb

昔 (hiragana むかし, romaji mukashi)

1. once (in the indeterminate past)

   昔 (むかし)見 (み)た映画 (えいが)

   mukashi mita eiga

   a movie I once saw

Noun

昔 (hiragana むかし, romaji mukashi)

1. the past, old times
   • 970-999, Utsubo Monogatari (Toshikage)

     むかし、式部大輔、左大弁かけて清原の王ありけり。

   昔と今 — past and the present

   昔の自分 — my past self

   昔からの友達 — a longtime friend ("a friend since old times")

   昔に戻る — to return to the past

2. ancient

   昔の人 — ancient people

   もう昔の話だ。— That's ancient history.

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Korean

Hanja

昔 (seok, chak) (hangeul 석, 착, revised seok, chak, McCune-Reischauer sŏk, ch'ak, Yale sek, chak)

1. This entry needs a definition. Please add one, then remove {{defn}}.

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Vietnamese

Han character

• Hán Việt: tích, tếch, thách, tách

1. This entry needs a definition. Please add one, then remove {{defn}}.