春秋

Chinese[edit]

		spring (time); gay; joyful spring (time); gay; joyful; youthful; love; lust; life	autumn; fall; harvest time autumn; fall; harvest time; a swing
trad. (春秋)		春	秋
simp. ^#(春秋)		春	秋

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春秋

Pronunciation[edit]

Mandarin
(Pinyin): chūnqiū

(Zhuyin): ㄔㄨㄣㄑㄧㄡ
Cantonese (Jyutping): ceon¹ cau¹
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): chhûn-chhiû
Eastern Min (BUC): chŭng-chiŭ
Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): chhun-chhiu

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: chūnqiū
  - Zhuyin: ㄔㄨㄣㄑㄧㄡ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: chunciou
  - Wade–Giles: chʻun¹-chʻiu¹
  - Yale: chwūn-chyōu
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chuenchiou
  - Palladius: чуньцю (čunʹcju)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʈ͡ʂʰu̯ən⁵⁵ t͡ɕʰi̯oʊ̯⁵⁵/
- (Standard Chinese, erhua-ed)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: chūnqiūr
  - Zhuyin: ㄔㄨㄣㄑㄧㄡㄦ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: chunciour
  - Wade–Giles: chʻun¹-chʻiu¹-ʼrh
  - Yale: chwūn-chyōur
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chuenchioul
  - Palladius: чуньцюр (čunʹcjur)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʈ͡ʂʰu̯ən⁵⁵ t͡ɕʰi̯ɤʊ̯ɻʷ⁵⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: ceon¹ cau¹
  - Yale: chēun chāu
  - Cantonese Pinyin: tsoen¹ tsau¹
  - Guangdong Romanization: cên¹ ceo¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰɵn⁵⁵ t͡sʰɐu̯⁵⁵/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chhûn-chhiû
  - Hakka Romanization System: cun´ qiu´
  - Hagfa Pinyim: cun¹ qiu¹
  - Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰun²⁴⁻¹¹ t͡sʰi̯u²⁴/
Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: chŭng-chiŭ
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰuŋ⁵⁵ ^(t͡sʰ-)ʒieu⁵⁵/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhun-chhiu
  - Tâi-lô: tshun-tshiu
  - Phofsit Daibuun: zhunchiw
  - IPA (Xiamen): /t͡sʰun⁴⁴⁻²² t͡sʰiu⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sʰun³³ t͡sʰiu³³/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡sʰun⁴⁴⁻²² t͡sʰiu⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Taipei): /t͡sʰun⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡sʰiu⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡sʰun⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡sʰiu⁴⁴/

Middle Chinese: tsyhwin tshjuw

Rime
Character	春	秋
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Initial (聲)	昌 (24)	清 (14)
Final (韻)	諄 (47)	尤 (136)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Closed	Open
Division (等)	III	III
Fanqie	昌脣切	七由切
Baxter	tsyhwin	tshjuw
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/t͡ɕʰiuɪn/	/t͡sʰɨu/
Pan Wuyun	/t͡ɕʰʷin/	/t͡sʰiu/
Shao Rongfen	/t͡ɕʰjuen/	/t͡sʰiəu/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/cʰwin/	/t͡sʰuw/
Li Rong	/t͡ɕʰiuĕn/	/t͡sʰiu/
Wang Li	/t͡ɕʰĭuĕn/	/t͡sʰĭəu/
Bernard Karlgren	/t͡ɕʰi̯uĕn/	/t͡sʰi̯ə̯u/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	chūn	qiū
Expected Cantonese Reflex	ceon¹	cau¹

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*tʰun tsʰiw/

(Zhengzhang): /*tʰjun sʰɯw/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	春	秋
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	chūn	qiū
Middle Chinese	‹ tsyhwin ›	‹ tshjuw ›
Old Chinese	/*tʰun/	/*tsʰiw/
English	springtime	autumn; crop
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	春	秋
Reading #	1/1	1/1
No.	12573	10537
Phonetic component	屯	秋
Rime group	文	幽
Rime subdivision	2	2
Corresponding MC rime	春	秋
Old Chinese	/*tʰjun/	/*sʰɯw/
Notes	說文從艸從日屯聲，實屯繁化轉註字

Noun[edit]

春秋

(literally) spring and autumn
(metonymically) the four seasons
(figurative) a year's time; year
(figurative) person's age
春秋鼎盛 ― chūnqiū dǐngshèng ― in the prime of one's life
(figurative) time (as a general concept)
(figurative) annal; chronicle of events by year

Derived terms[edit]

Proper noun[edit]

春秋

the Spring and Autumn Annals (the chronicle of the state of Lu)
the Spring and Autumn period (770–476 BC)

Synonyms[edit]

(Spring and Autumn Annals): 麟經／麟经 (Línjīng), 麟史 (Línshǐ)

Derived terms[edit]

呂氏春秋／吕氏春秋 (Lǚshìchūnqiū)
春秋三傳／春秋三传 (Chūnqiū Sānzhuàn)
春秋五霸
春秋大一統／春秋大一统
春秋大夢／春秋大梦 (chūnqiūdàmèng)
春秋大義／春秋大义
春秋時代／春秋时代 (Chūnqiū Shídài)
春秋筆削／春秋笔削
春秋筆法／春秋笔法 (Chūnqiū bǐfǎ)
晏子春秋 (Yànzǐ Chūnqiū)

See also[edit]

Dynasties (朝代) in Chinese history
Name	Time period	Divisions
Xia 夏 (～朝, ～代)	2070 – 1600 BCE
Shang 商 (～朝, ～代) 殷 (～朝, ～代)	1600 – 1046 BCE
Zhou 周 (～朝, ～代)	1046 – 256 BCE	Western Zhou 西周
		Eastern Zhou 東周／东周	Spring and Autumn period 春秋
		Eastern Zhou 東周／东周	Warring States period 戰國／战国
Qin 秦 (～朝, ～代)	221 – 206 BCE
Han 漢／汉 (～朝, ～代)	206 BCE – 220 C.E.	Western Han 西漢／西汉
		Xin 新 (～朝)
		Eastern Han 東漢／东汉
Three Kingdoms 三國／三国	220 – 280 C.E.	Wei 魏
		Shu Han 蜀漢／蜀汉
		Wu 吳／吴
Jin 晉／晋 (～朝, ～代)	265 – 420 C.E.	Western Jin 西晉／西晋
Jin 晉／晋 (～朝, ～代)	265 – 420 C.E.	Eastern Jin 東晉／东晋
Southern and Northern dynasties 南北朝	420 – 589 C.E.	Northern dynasties 北朝	Northern Wei 北魏
			Western Wei 西魏
			Eastern Wei 東魏／东魏
			Northern Zhou 北周
			Northern Qi 北齊／北齐
		Southern dynasties 南朝	Liu Song 劉宋／刘宋
			Southern Qi 南齊／南齐
			Liang 梁 (～朝, ～代)
			Chen 陳／陈 (～朝, ～代)
Sui 隋 (～朝, ～代)	581 – 618 C.E.
Tang 唐 (～朝, ～代)	618 – 907 C.E.
Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms 五代十國／五代十国	907 – 960 C.E.
Liao 遼／辽 (～朝, ～代)	907 – 1125 C.E.
Song 宋 (～朝, ～代)	960 – 1279 C.E.	Northern Song 北宋
Song 宋 (～朝, ～代)	960 – 1279 C.E.	Southern Song 南宋
Western Xia 西夏	1038 – 1227 C.E.
Jin 金 (～朝, ～代)	1115 – 1234 C.E.
Western Liao 西遼／西辽	1124 – 1218 C.E.
Yuan 元 (～朝, ～代)	1271 – 1368 C.E.
Ming 明 (～朝, ～代)	1368 – 1644 C.E.
Qing 清 (～朝, ～代)	1636 – 1912 C.E.

Descendants[edit]

Sino-Xenic (春秋):

→ Japanese: 春秋(しゅんじゅう) (shunjū)
→ Korean: 춘추(春秋) (chunchu)
→ Vietnamese: Xuân Thu (春秋)

Japanese[edit]

Etymology 1[edit]

Kanji in this term
春	秋
しゅん Grade: 2	しゅう > じゅう Grade: 2
kan’on

From Middle Chinese compound 春秋 (MC tsyhwin tshjuw, literally “spring and autumn”). The kan'on, so probably a shift in reading after initial borrowing.

Pronunciation[edit]

(Tokyo) しゅんじゅう [shùńjúú] (Heiban – [0])^[1]^[2]
(Tokyo) しゅんじゅう [shúꜜǹjùù] (Atamadaka – [1])^[1]^[2]
IPA^(key): [ɕɨ̃ᵝɲ̟d͡ʑɨᵝː]

Noun[edit]

春(しゅん)秋(じゅう) • (shunjū)

spring and autumn
(metonymically) a year; (by extension) one's age

Proper noun[edit]

春(しゅん)秋(じゅう) • (Shunjū)

the Spring and Autumn Annals

Etymology 2[edit]

Kanji in this term
春	秋
はる Grade: 2	あき Grade: 2
kun’yomi

Compound of 春 (haru, “spring”) +‎ 秋 (aki, “autumn”).

Pronunciation[edit]

(Tokyo) はるあき [háꜜrùàkì] (Atamadaka – [1])^[1]^[2]
IPA^(key): [ha̠ɾɯ̟ᵝa̠kʲi]

Noun[edit]

春(はる)秋(あき) • (haruaki)

spring and autumn
(metonymically) a year; (by extension) one's age
- 1212, Kamo no Chōmei, Hōjōki [The Ten-Foot Square Hut]:
  
  四(よん)十(じゅう)あまりの春(はる)秋(あき)をおくれる間(あいだ)に
  yonjū amari no haruaki o okureru aida ni
  during the course of living some forty-odd years

References[edit]

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006) 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
↑ ^2.0 ^2.1 ^2.2 NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998) NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK Publishing, →ISBN

Vietnamese[edit]

chữ Hán Nôm in this term
春	秋

Proper noun[edit]

春秋

chữ Hán form of Xuân Thu.

[DJR-1] 1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006) 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

[NHK-2] 2.0 ^2.1 ^2.2 NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998) NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK Publishing, →ISBN

[1]

[2]

春秋

Contents

Chinese[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Noun[edit]

Derived terms[edit]

Proper noun[edit]

Synonyms[edit]

Derived terms[edit]

See also[edit]

Descendants[edit]

Japanese[edit]

Etymology 1[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Noun[edit]

Proper noun[edit]

See also[edit]

Etymology 2[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Noun[edit]

References[edit]

Vietnamese[edit]

Proper noun[edit]

Navigation menu

春秋

Chinese[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Noun[edit]

Derived terms[edit]

Proper noun[edit]

Synonyms[edit]

Derived terms[edit]

See also[edit]

Descendants[edit]

Japanese[edit]

Etymology 1[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Noun[edit]

Proper noun[edit]

See also[edit]

Etymology 2[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Noun[edit]

References[edit]

Vietnamese[edit]

Proper noun[edit]

Navigation menu

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