曲

See also: 麹, 麯, and 典

Translingual

Stroke order

simpl.		曲
trad.		曲/麯/麹

Etymology

Ideogram (指事) – a bent object. Earlier forms shaped more like a ‘U’.

Existed as traditional character, but also Simplified from 麯 (elimination of 麥) (elimination of 麥); also simplified form of variant 麹.

Han character

曲 (radical 73 曰+2, 6 strokes, cangjie input 廿田 (TW), 廿月金 (TBC), X廿田 (XTW), four-corner 5560₀)

1. crooked, bent
2. wrong, false
3. sheet music
4. yeast, mold (fermenting materials for beer and wine) (as simplified character for 麯, 麹)

Derived characters

• 豊 農 麯

See also

• 典 曹

References

• KangXi: page 502, character 2
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 14280
• Dae Jaweon: page 873, character 4
• Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 2, page 1484, character 2
• Unihan data for U+66F2

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Chinese

simpl.		曲
trad.		曲/麯/麹

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): qū, qǔ (qu¹, qu³)

  (Zhuyin): ㄑㄩ, ㄑㄩˇ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): kuk¹
• Min Nan (POJ): khek / khiok

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese, Beijing)⁺
    • Pinyin: qū
    • Zhuyin: ㄑㄩ
    • Wade-Giles: ch'ü¹
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chiu
    • IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕʰy⁵⁵/
      
      
  • (Standard Chinese, Beijing)⁺
    • Pinyin: qǔ
    • Zhuyin: ㄑㄩˇ
    • Wade-Giles: ch'ü³
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: cheu
    • IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕʰy²¹⁴/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
    • Jyutping: kuk¹
    • Yale: kūk
    • Cantonese Pinyin: kuk⁷
    • IPA ^(key): /kʰʊk̚⁵/
• Min Nan
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khek / khiok
    • Tâi-lô: khik / khiok
    • IPA (Taipei): /kʰɪk̚³²/, /kʰiɔk̚³²/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /kʰɪk̚³²/, /kʰiɔk̚³²/

Middle Chinese pronunciation (曲, reconstructed)
Character (曲), Pronunciation 1/1
Initial: 溪 (29) Final: 燭 Division: III			Openness: Open Tone: Checked (Ø)			Fanqie: 丘玉切
Zhengzhang Shangfang	Bernard Karlgren	Li Rong	Pan Wuyun	Edwin Pulleyblank	Wang Li	Shao Rongfen
/kʰɨok̚/	/kʰi̯wok̚/	/kʰiok̚/	/kʰiok̚/	/kʰuawk̚/	/kʰĭwok̚/	/kʰiok̚/

Old Chinese pronunciation (曲, reconstructed)
Baxter-Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character								Modern Beijing (Pinyin)								Middle Chinese								Old Chinese								English
曲								qū								‹ khjowk ›								/*kʰ(r)ok/								to bend
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter-Sagart system: Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character					No.					Phonetic component					Rime group					Rime subdivision					Corresponding MC rime					Old Chinese					Notes
曲					10578					曲					屋					0					曲					/*kʰoɡ/

Compounds

• qū
  • 曲笔
  • 曲别针
  • 曲尺
  • 曲棍球
  • 曲解
  • 曲尽其妙
  • 曲径
  • 曲里拐弯, 曲里拐弯儿的
  • 曲面
  • 曲曲弯弯
  • 曲射炮
  • 曲水流觞
  • 曲线
  • 曲意逢迎
  • 曲折
  • 曲直

• qǔ
  • 曲笛
  • 曲调
  • 曲高和寡
  • 曲目
  • 曲牌
  • 曲谱
  • 曲坛
  • 曲艺
  • 曲终奏雅
  • 曲子

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Japanese

Kanji

曲

(grade 3 “Kyōiku” kanji)

1. This entry needs a definition. Please add one, then remove {{defn}}.

Readings

• On: きょく (kyoku)
• Kun: まがる (magaru), まげる (mageru), くま (kuma)

Compounds

• 曲解
• 曲技
• 曲芸
• 曲射
• 曲折
• 曲面
• 曲目
• 曲論
• 曲者

Noun

曲 (hiragana きょく, romaji kyoku)

1. a piece of music

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Korean

Hanja

曲 (gok) (hangeul 곡, revised gok, McCune-Reischauer kok, Yale kok)

1. bent, crooked
2. false, wrong
3. a piece of music

Compounds

• 曲曲 (곡곡, goggog) everywhere
• 曲管 (곡관, goggwan) bent pipe or tube
• 曲論 (곡론, gogron) sophistry
• 曲率 (곡률, gogryul) curvature
• 曲馬 (곡마, gogma) circus
• 曲面 (곡면, gogmyeon) curved surface
• 曲名 (곡명, gogmyeong) musical title
• 曲目 (곡목, gogmog) musical items, titles
• 曲射 (곡사, gogsa) high-angle fire
• 曲線 (곡선, gogseon) curve
• 曲藝 (곡예, gogye) acrobatic artistry
• 曲子 (곡자, gogja) leaven, malt
• 曲折 (곡절, gogjeol) underlying reasons for behavior
• 曲直 (곡직, gogjig) right and/or wrong, good and/or bad
• 曲尺 (곡척, gogcheog) steel square, carpenter's square
• 曲筆 (곡필, gogpil) unfair authorship
• 曲學 (곡학, goghag) unfair scholarship
• 曲解 (곡해, goghae) misunderstanding, misinterpretation

• 歌曲 (가곡, gagog) song, aria, melody
• 作曲 (작곡, jaggog) musical composition

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Vietnamese

Han character

曲 (khúc)

1. Being bent;
2. A bend, bent object(s), bent and/or tight places (鄉曲: small/tiny rural area/village)
3. Being flexible. 曲為之說: apologize for other people in a fluent way.