更

See also: 史 and 吏

Translingual

Stroke order

Han character

更 (radical 73 曰+3, 7 strokes, cangjie input 一中田大 (MLWK), four-corner 1050₆)

1. change, replace
2. more, still further, much more

Derived characters

• 便 硬 梗

References

• KangXi: page 502, character 6
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 14283
• Dae Jaweon: page 874, character 4
• Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 1, page 20, character 2
• Unihan data for U+66F4

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Chinese

		-
simp. and trad.		更

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): gēng, gèng (geng¹, geng⁴)

  (Zhuyin): ㄍㄥ, ㄍㄥˋ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): ang¹, gang¹, gang³
• Hakka (Pha̍k-fa-sṳ): kang, kèn
• Min Nan (POJ): keⁿ / kiⁿ / king / kìng

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese, Beijing)⁺
    • Pinyin: gēng
    • Zhuyin: ㄍㄥ
    • Wade-Giles: kêng¹
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: geng
    • IPA ^(key): /kɤŋ⁵⁵/
      
      
  • (Standard Chinese, Beijing)⁺
    • Pinyin: gèng
    • Zhuyin: ㄍㄥˋ
    • Wade-Giles: kêng⁴
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: genq
    • IPA ^(key): /kɤŋ⁵¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
    • Jyutping: ang¹, gang¹, gang³
    • Yale: āng, gāng, gang
    • Cantonese Pinyin: ang¹, gang¹, gang³
    • IPA ^(key): /ɐŋ⁵⁵/, /kɐŋ⁵⁵/, /kɐŋ³³/
• Hakka
  • Romanisations:
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: kang, kèn
    • Hagfa Pinyim: gang1, gen4
• Min Nan
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: keⁿ / kiⁿ / king / kìng
    • Tâi-lô: kenn / kinn / king / kìng
    • IPA (Taipei): /kẽ⁴⁴/, /kĩ⁴⁴/, /kiŋ⁴⁴/, /kiŋ¹¹/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /kẽ³⁴/, /kĩ³⁴/, /kiŋ³⁴/, /kiŋ²¹/
  • Note: keⁿ, kiⁿ - vernacular, king, kìng - literary.

Middle Chinese pronunciation (更, reconstructed)
Character (更), Pronunciation 1/2
Initial: 見 (28) Final: 庚 Division: II			Openness: Open Tone: Level (Ø)			Fanqie: 古行切
Zhengzhang Shangfang	Bernard Karlgren	Li Rong	Pan Wuyun	Edwin Pulleyblank	Wang Li	Shao Rongfen
/kɣæŋ/	/kɐŋ/	/kɐŋ/	/kɯaŋ/	/kaɨjŋ/	/kɐŋ/	/kaŋ/
Character (更), Pronunciation 2/2
Initial: 見 (28) Final: 庚 Division: II			Openness: Open Tone: Departing (H)			Fanqie: 古孟切
Zhengzhang Shangfang	Bernard Karlgren	Li Rong	Pan Wuyun	Edwin Pulleyblank	Wang Li	Shao Rongfen
/kɣæŋH/	/kɐŋH/	/kɐŋH/	/kɯaŋH/	/kaɨjŋH/	/kɐŋH/	/kaŋH/

Old Chinese pronunciation (更, reconstructed)
Baxter-Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character								Modern Beijing (Pinyin)								Middle Chinese								Old Chinese								English
更								gēng								‹ kæng ›								/*kˤraŋ/								change (v.)
更								gèng								‹ kængH ›								/*kˤraŋ-s/								still more
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter-Sagart system: Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character					No.					Phonetic component					Rime group					Rime subdivision					Corresponding MC rime					Old Chinese					Notes
更					866					丙					陽					0					庚					/*kraːŋ/
更					879					丙					陽					0					更					/*kraːŋs/

Verb

更

1. to change, to replace
2. to experience

Noun

更

1. watch (of a sentry)
2. (old) one of the five two-hour periods into which the night was formerly divided

Adverb

更

1. more, further, even more

References

• (Mandarin)"更" (in Mandarin/English), MDBG English to Chinese dictionary ( Based on CC-CEDICT ). URL accessed on 2014-03-10.
• (Hakka) Academia Sinica - Hakka-English Dictionary
• (Hakka) Lau, Chun-fat. Hakka Pinyin Dictionary (Chinese). Hong Kong: The Chinese University Press, 1997 (Chinese IME supplement) ISBN 962-201-750-9.
• (Min Nan) Taiwan Min Nan Common Words Dictionary (臺灣閩南語常用詞辭典)

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Japanese

Kanji

更

(common “Jōyō” kanji)

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Readings

• Goon: きょう (kyō) (non-Jōyō reading)
• Kan’on: こう (kō)
• Kun: さら (sara), ふける (fukeru), あらためる (aratameru)

Compounds

• 変更 (へんこう, henkō)
• 更新 (こうしん, kōshin)

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Korean

Hanja

更 (gyeong, gaeng) (hangeul 경, 갱, revised gyeong, gaeng, McCune-Reischauer kyŏng, kaeng, Yale kyeng, kayng)

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Vietnamese

Han character

更 (canh, cánh)

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