曾

See also: 曽 and 會

Translingual

Etymology

Pictogram (象形) - a cooker for steaming food. The derivative 甑 refers to the original word.

Han character

曾 (radical 73 曰+8, 12 strokes, cangjie input 金田日 (CWA), four-corner 8060₆)

1. already
2. sign of the past
3. a Chinese surname
4. "great" in great-grandparent

Derived characters

• 僧 增 噌 嶒 潧 憎 繒 (缯) 璔 橧 贈 (赠) 熷 磳 矰 竲 蹭 譄 鏳 驓 鱛 鄫 甑 朆 罾 鬙 層

References

• KangXi: page 503, character 3
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 14299
• Dae Jaweon: page 877, character 2
• Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 2, page 1521, character 3
• Unihan data for U+66FE

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Chinese

		-
simp. and trad.		曾

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): céng, zēng (ceng², zeng¹)

  (Zhuyin): ㄘㄥˊ, ㄗㄥ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): cang⁴, zang¹
• Min Nan (POJ): chan / chēng

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese, Beijing)⁺
    • Pinyin: céng
    • Zhuyin: ㄘㄥˊ
    • Wade-Giles: ts'êng²
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tsengr
    • IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰɤŋ³⁵/
      
      
  • (Standard Chinese, Beijing)⁺
    • Pinyin: zēng
    • Zhuyin: ㄗㄥ
    • Wade-Giles: tsêng¹
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tzeng
    • IPA ^(key): /t͡sɤŋ⁵⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
    • Jyutping: cang⁴, zang¹
    • Yale: chàhng, jāng
    • Cantonese Pinyin: tsang⁴, dzang¹
    • IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰɐŋ²¹/, /t͡sɐŋ⁵⁵/
• Min Nan
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chan / chēng
    • Tâi-lô: tsan / tsīng
    • IPA (Taipei): /t͡san⁴⁴/, /t͡ɕɪŋ³³/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡san³⁴/, /t͡ɕɪŋ²²/

Middle Chinese pronunciation (曾, reconstructed)
Character (曾), Pronunciation 1/2
Initial: 精 (13) Final: 登 Division: I			Openness: Open Tone: Level (Ø)			Fanqie: 作滕切
Zhengzhang Shangfang	Bernard Karlgren	Li Rong	Pan Wuyun	Edwin Pulleyblank	Wang Li	Shao Rongfen
/t͡səŋ/	/t͡səŋ/	/t͡səŋ/	/t͡səŋ/	/t͡səŋ/	/t͡səŋ/	/t͡səŋ/
Character (曾), Pronunciation 2/2
Initial: 從 (15) Final: 登 Division: I			Openness: Open Tone: Level (Ø)			Fanqie: 昨楞切
Zhengzhang Shangfang	Bernard Karlgren	Li Rong	Pan Wuyun	Edwin Pulleyblank	Wang Li	Shao Rongfen
/d͡zəŋ/	/d͡zʱəŋ/	/d͡zəŋ/	/d͡zəŋ/	/d͡zəŋ/	/d͡zəŋ/	/d͡zəŋ/

Old Chinese pronunciation (曾, reconstructed)
Baxter-Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character								Modern Beijing (Pinyin)								Middle Chinese								Old Chinese								English
曾								céng								‹ dzong ›								/*[dz]ˤəŋ/								(adverb indicating past time)
曾								zēng								‹ tsong ›								/*[ts]ˤəŋ/								remote (ancestor)
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter-Sagart system: Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character					No.					Phonetic component					Rime group					Rime subdivision					Corresponding MC rime					Old Chinese					Notes
曾					16616					曾					蒸					0										/*ʔsɯːŋ/					朱芳圃云爲甑初文，非形聲字
曾					16625					曾					蒸					0										/*zɯːŋ/

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Japanese

Kanji

曾

(uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji)

1. This entry needs a definition. Please add one, then remove {{defn}}.

Readings

• On: そ (so), そう (sō), ぞう (zō)
• Kun: かって (katte), すなわち (sunawachi)

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Korean

Hanja

曾 (jeung) (hangeul 증, revised jeung, McCune-Reischauer chŭng, Yale cung)

1. This entry needs a definition. Please add one, then remove {{defn}}.

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Vietnamese

Han character

曾 (tằng, tăng, tâng, tơn, tưng, từng)

1. used as prefix to indicate a greater level (especially in 曽祖: tằng tổ : great-grandfather, other meaning now seems archaic)
2. One pronunciation is từng, could be the root of từng  : (have ever done <something>) (see từng)

References

• Nom Foundation