杖

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杖 U+6756, 杖
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6756
← 杕
[U+6755] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 杗 →
[U+6757]

杖 U+FA94, 杖
CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-FA94
← 望
[U+FA93] 		CJK Compatibility Ideographs 歹 →
[U+FA95]

Translingual[edit]

Han character[edit]

杖 (Kangxi radical 75, 木+3, 7 strokes, cangjie input 木十大 (DJK), four-corner 45900, composition ⿰木丈)

References[edit]

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 512, character 1
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 14469
  • Dae Jaweon: page 897, character 5
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1159, character 2
  • Unihan data for U+6756

Chinese[edit]

simp. and trad.
 杖
alternative forms 𨥅

Glyph origin[edit]

Characters in the same phonetic series (丈) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
丈 *daŋʔ
杖 *daŋʔ
仗 *daŋʔ, *daŋs

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *daŋʔ) : semantic 木 + phonetic 丈 (OC *daŋʔ).

Etymology[edit]

Thought to be the same word as 丈 (OC *daŋʔ) "gentleman, older man, husband", i.e. "someone who walks with, or leans on, a staff"; though unlikely.

According to Schuessler (2007), this is an areal word. Compare Mizo tiang (“staff, stick, crutch”), Old Khmer toŋ (“shaft, stock, shank”), -toṅa (“stock, stem, stick”), and Khmer ដង (dɑɑng, “pole, shaft, handle, yoke, body, trunk”). Benedict (1976) also compares this to Proto-Tai *de:ŋ ~ *tʰe:ŋ (“stick, bar”), Malay tiang (“pillar, post, pole”), Fijian ndia (“stick, handle”), and to reconstructed Proto-Austro-Tai *(n)ti(j)aŋ.

A derivative, attested in Zuozhuan as 杖 (zhàng), is the verb 仗 (OC *daŋs) "to lean on", with suffix *-s → *-h → 去聲／去声 (qùshēng).

Pronunciation[edit]

Note:
  • thn̄g/thňg - vernacular;
  • tiōng/tiǒng/tiāng - literary.
Rime
Character 杖
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 澄 (11)
Final (韻) 陽 (105)
Tone (調) Rising (X)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 直兩切
Baxter drjangX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/ɖɨɐŋX/
Pan
Wuyun 		/ɖiɐŋX/
Shao
Rongfen 		/ȡiɑŋX/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/ɖɨaŋX/
Li
Rong 		/ȡiaŋX/
Wang
Li 		/ȡĭaŋX/
Bernard
Karlgren 		/ȡʱi̯aŋX/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		zhàng
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		zoeng6
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 杖
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		zhàng
Middle
Chinese 		‹ drjangX ›
Old
Chinese 		/*m-[t]raŋʔ/
English stick (Sagart & Ma, 2020)

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 杖
Reading # 1/1
No. 16837
Phonetic
component 		丈
Rime
group 		陽
Rime
subdivision 		0
Corresponding
MC rime 		丈
Old
Chinese 		/*daŋʔ/

Definitions[edit]

杖

  1. walking stick
  2. staff; rod; cane; wand
  3. (historical) flogging with a stick
  4. † to flog (a prisoner)
  5. † to support; to prop
  6. † to hold; to grasp
  7. † Alternative form of 仗 (zhàng, “to rely on; to depend on”)
  8. (Eastern Min) Classifier for segments of sugarcane.

Compounds[edit]

Descendants[edit]

  • → Mongolian: зан (zan), ᠵᠠᠩ (ǰaŋ)
  • → Manchu: ᠵᠠᠩ (jang)

References[edit]

Japanese[edit]

Kanji[edit]

杖

(“Jinmeiyō” kanji used for names)

Readings[edit]

Etymology 1[edit]

Kanji in this term
杖
つえ
Jinmeiyō
kun’yomi

⟨tuwe⟩ → /tuwe/ → /t͡suwe/ → /t͡suje/ → /t͡sue/

From Old Japanese. Found in the Man'yōshū, completed some time after 759 CE.[1]

Alternative forms[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Noun[edit]

杖(つえ) • (tsue) ←つゑ (twe)?

  1. staff, stick, walking stick, cane, stave, strove, rod, wand
    • 2000 March 1, “古(こ)代(だい)魔(ま)導(どう)士(し)”, in BOOSTER 7, Konami:
      数(かず)多(おお)くの杖(つえ)を持(も)ち、それぞれを使(つか)い分(わ)け多(た)彩(さい)な攻(こう)撃(げき)をする。
      Kazuōku no tsue o mochi, sorezore o tsukaiwake tasai na kōgeki o suru.
      He wields an array of wands, each of which is used for a distinctive attack.
  2. something one leans on, a support
  3. a cane used for corporal punishment
  4. a particularly shaped stirring stick used to make New Year's porridge
    Synonym: 粥杖 (kayuzue)
  5. the stem of a pear
  6. (historical) a traditional unit of length
    1. (historical) approximately 3 meters
    2. (historical) seven 尺 (shaku, traditional Japanese foot) and five 寸 (sun, traditional Japanese inch), or approximately 2.3 meters
  7. (historical) a traditional unit of area
    1. (historical) one-fifth of a 段 (tan, traditional Japanese paddy size, roughly half of an English acre), or around 237m²
Usage notes[edit]

The Japanese term tsue can refer generally to a stick or staff of various lengths, as expressed by the range of English meanings apparent in the senses above.

Etymology 2[edit]

Kanji in this term
杖
じょう
Jinmeiyō
on’yomi

From Middle Chinese 杖 (MC drjangX).

Pronunciation[edit]

Noun[edit]

杖(じょう) • (jō) ←ぢやう (dyau)?

  1. a jo: a fighting staff, a little over 4 尺 (shaku, “a traditional unit of measure, about 30 cm or a foot”) long, shorter than a 棒 (bō, “quarterstaff”)
  2. (historical) under the ancient Ritsuryō system, caning as a form of corporal punishment
  3. (historical) a traditional unit of area: one-fifth of a 段 (tan, traditional Japanese paddy size, roughly half of an English acre), or around 237m²
Coordinate terms[edit]

Compounds[edit]

References[edit]

  1. ^
    c. 759, Man’yōshū, book 5, poem 804:
    , text here
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  • Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN

Korean[edit]

Etymology[edit]

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “Middle Korean readings, if any”)

Pronunciation[edit]

Hanja[edit]

Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

Wikisource

杖 • (jang) (hangeul 장, revised jang, McCune–Reischauer chang, Yale cang)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese[edit]

Han character[edit]

杖: Hán Nôm readings: trượng, rường

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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