束縛

See also: 束缚

Chinese

		bunch; (a measure word); to bind bunch; (a measure word); to bind; to control	to bind; to tie
trad. (束縛)		束	縛
simp. (束缚)		束	缚

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): shùfù, shùfú

  (Zhuyin): ㄕㄨˋ ㄈㄨˋ, ㄕㄨˋ ㄈㄨˊ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): cuk¹ bok³
• Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): sok-po̍k / sok-pa̍k

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese, Mainland)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: shùfù
    • Zhuyin: ㄕㄨˋ ㄈㄨˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: shùfù
    • Wade–Giles: shu⁴-fu⁴
    • Yale: shù-fù
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shuhfuh
    • Palladius: шуфу (šufu)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʂu⁵¹⁻⁵³ fu⁵¹/
      
  • (Standard Chinese, Taiwan)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: shùfú
    • Zhuyin: ㄕㄨˋ ㄈㄨˊ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: shùfú
    • Wade–Giles: shu⁴-fu²
    • Yale: shù-fú
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shuhfwu
    • Palladius: шуфу (šufu)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʂu⁵¹ fu³⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: cuk¹ bok³
    • Yale: chūk bok
    • Cantonese Pinyin: tsuk⁷ bok⁸
    • Guangdong Romanization: cug¹ bog³
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰʊk̚⁵ pɔːk̚³/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sok-po̍k
    • Tâi-lô: sok-po̍k
    • Phofsit Daibuun: sokpok
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /sɔk̚³²⁻⁵ pɔk̚¹²¹/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /sɔk̚⁵⁻²⁴ pɔk̚²⁴/
    • IPA (Xiamen): /sɔk̚³²⁻⁴ pɔk̚⁴/
  • (Hokkien: General Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sok-pa̍k
    • Tâi-lô: sok-pa̍k
    • Phofsit Daibuun: sokpak
    • IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /sɔk̚³²⁻⁴ pak̚⁴/

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• Middle Chinese: syowk baH|bjak

Rime
Character	束	縛	縛
Reading #	1/1	1/2	2/2
Initial (聲)	書 (26)	並 (3)	並 (3)
Final (韻)	鍾 (8)	戈 (95)	陽 (108)
Tone (調)	Checked (Ø)	Departing (H)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Closed	Closed
Division (等)	III	I	III
Fanqie	書玉切	符臥切	符钁切
Baxter	syowk	baH	bjak
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ɕɨok̚/	/buɑH/	/bʉɐk̚/
Pan Wuyun	/ɕiok̚/	/buɑH/	/bʷiɐk̚/
Shao Rongfen	/ɕiok̚/	/buɑH/	/biuɑk̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ɕuawk̚/	/bwaH/	/buak̚/
Li Rong	/ɕiok̚/	/buɑH/	/biuak̚/
Wang Li	/ɕĭwok̚/	/buɑH/	/bĭak̚/
Bernard Karlgren	/ɕi̯wok̚/	/bʱuɑH/	/bʱiwak̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	shu	bò	fó
Expected Cantonese Reflex	suk1	bo6	fok6

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*s-tʰok  bak/

  (Zhengzhang): /*hljoɡ  baːɡs|baɡ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	束	縛
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	shù	fù
Middle Chinese	‹ syowk ›	‹ bjak ›
Old Chinese	/*s-tʰok/	/*bak/
English	bind; bundle	bind (v.)
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	束	縛	縛
Reading #	1/1	1/2	2/2
No.	11893	3409	3493
Phonetic component	束	甫	甫
Rime group	屋	暮	鐸
Rime subdivision	0	1	0
Corresponding MC rime	束	縛	縛
Old Chinese	/*hljoɡ/	/*baːɡs/	/*baɡ/

Verb

束縛 (transitive)

1. (literary, literal) to bind; to tie up
2. (figurative) to restrict; to constrain

   束縛思想／束缚思想  ―  shùfù sīxiǎng  ―  to restrict thoughts

   解除束縛／解除束缚  ―  jiěchú shùfù  ―  to lift constraints

Synonyms

• (to bind) 綁縛／绑缚 (bǎngfù), 捆綁／捆绑 (kǔnbǎng)
• (to restrict)

• 主宰 (zhǔzǎi)
• 主張／主张 (zhǔzhāng) (archaic)
• 克制 (kèzhì)
• 克治 (kèzhì) (literary)
• 制約／制约 (zhìyuē)
• 君 (jūn) (literary)
• 執掌／执掌 (zhízhǎng)
• 壓制／压制 (yāzhì)
• 局 (Zhangzhou Hokkien)
• 局限 (júxiàn)
• 左右 (zuǒyòu)
• 把
• 抑制 (yìzhì)
• 把持 (bǎchí)
• 把控 (bǎkòng)
• 把攬／把揽 (bǎlǎn)
• 抵制 (dǐzhì)
• 拘束 (jūshù)
• 按 (àn)
• 按捺 (ànnà) (usually in the negative)
• 控 (literary, or in compounds)
• 控制 (kòngzhì)
• 掌控 (zhǎngkòng)
• 掌握 (zhǎngwò)
• 提控 (tíkòng) (literary)
• 撥弄／拨弄 (bōnòng)
• 撙節／撙节 (zǔnjié)
• 操控 (cāokòng)
• 操縱／操纵 (cāozòng)
• 擺佈／摆布 (bǎibù)
• 擺治／摆治 (bǎizhì) (regional)
• 支配 (zhīpèi)
• 收斂／收敛 (shōuliǎn)
• 束 (literary, or in compounds)
• 柄 (literary, or in compounds)
• 框 (kuàng)
• 禁錮／禁锢 (jìngù) (figurative)
• 積壓／积压 (jīyā) (figurative)
• 節制／节制 (jiézhì)
• 管制 (guǎnzhì)
• 管束 (guǎnshù)
• 約束／约束 (yuēshù)
• 統御／统御 (tǒngyù) (literary)
• 統治／统治 (tǒngzhì)
• 羈束／羁束 (jīshù) (literary)
• 裁 (cái) (literary, or in compounds)
• 遏抑 (èyì) (literary)
• 鎮／镇 (zhèn)
• 限 (xiàn)
• 限乏 (Xiamen Hokkien)
• 限制 (xiànzhì)
• 駕／驾 (jià)
• 駕馭／驾驭 (jiàyù) (figurative)

 

Japanese

Kanji in this term
束	縛
そく Grade: 4	ばく Grade: S
on’yomi

Pronunciation

• (Tokyo) そくばく [sòkúbákú] (Heiban – [0])
• IPA^(key): [so̞kɯ̟ᵝba̠kɯ̟ᵝ]

Noun

束(そく)縛(ばく) • (sokubaku) 

1. restraint, shackles

Verb

束(そく)縛(ばく)する • (sokubaku suru) suru (stem 束(そく)縛(ばく)し (sokubaku shi), past 束(そく)縛(ばく)した (sokubaku shita))

1. restrain, shackle

Conjugation

Conjugation of "束縛する" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)

Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
Mizenkei ("imperfective")	束縛し	そくばくし	sokubaku shi
Ren’yōkei ("continuative")	束縛し	そくばくし	sokubaku shi
Shūshikei ("terminal")	束縛する	そくばくする	sokubaku suru
Rentaikei ("attributive")	束縛する	そくばくする	sokubaku suru
Kateikei ("hypothetical")	束縛すれ	そくばくすれ	sokubaku sure
Meireikei ("imperative")	束縛せよ¹ 束縛しろ²	そくばくせよ¹ そくばくしろ²	sokubaku seyo¹ sokubaku shiro²
Key constructions
Passive	束縛される	そくばくされる	sokubaku sareru
Causative	束縛させる 束縛さす	そくばくさせる そくばくさす	sokubaku saseru sokubaku sasu
Potential	束縛できる	そくばくできる	sokubaku dekiru
Volitional	束縛しよう	そくばくしよう	sokubaku shiyō
Negative	束縛しない	そくばくしない	sokubaku shinai
Negative continuative	束縛せず	そくばくせず	sokubaku sezu
Formal	束縛します	そくばくします	sokubaku shimasu
Perfective	束縛した	そくばくした	sokubaku shita
Conjunctive	束縛して	そくばくして	sokubaku shite
Hypothetical conditional	束縛すれば	そくばくすれば	sokubaku sureba
¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative

Korean

Hanja in this term
束	縛

Noun

束縛 • (sokbak) (hangeul 속박)

1. Hanja form^? of 속박 (“restraining”).