武士
Chinese[edit]
| martial; military | scholar; warrior; knight | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| simp. and trad. (武士) |
武 | 士 | |
Pronunciation[edit]
Noun[edit]
武士
- warrior; fighter
- soldier
- (historical) member of a powerful military caste (in medieval Europe or Japan); samurai
- (historical) palace guard
Synonyms[edit]
- (warrior):
- (soldier):
- 兵人 (bīngrén) (literary)
- 兵仔 (Hakka, Hokkien)
- 兵勇 (bīngyǒng) (dated)
- 兵卒 (bīngzú) (dated)
- 兵員／兵员 (bīngyuán)
- 兵士 (bīngshì)
- 兵跤仔 (Hokkien, dated)
- 士人 (shìrén) (archaic)
- 士兵 (shìbīng)
- 士卒 (shìzú) (archaic)
- 大兵 (dàbīng) (dated, sometimes derogatory)
- 師徒／师徒 (shītú) (Classical Chinese)
- 戰士／战士 (zhànshì)
- 旌旗 (jīngqí) (figurative, literary)
- 武人 (wǔrén)
- 武夫 (wǔfū) (literary)
- 營兵／营兵 (Hokkien, dated)
- 甲士 (jiǎshì) (archaic)
- 軍人／军人 (jūnrén)
- 軍士／军士 (jūnshì)
- (samurai): 日本武士
Derived terms[edit]
Japanese[edit]
Etymology 1[edit]
| Kanji in this term | |
|---|---|
| 武 | 士 |
| ぶ Grade: 5 |
し Grade: 5 |
| kan’on | |
From Old Japanese,[1] in turn from Middle Chinese 武士 (MC mjuX dzriX). Compare modern Min Nan pronunciation bú-sǐr. First cited to a portion of the 続日本紀 (Shoku Nihongi) dated to 721.[2][3]
Japanese philologist Shinobu Orikuchi postulated in the 1920s that bushi derived instead from 伏 (bushi), the rendaku (連濁) version of fushi, the 連用形 (ren'yōkei, stem or continuative form) of verb 伏す (fusu, “to bow down, to prostrate”), as found in terms such as 山伏 (yamabushi, “mountain hermit”) and 野伏 (nobushi, “hermit; brigand”). Orikuchi contended that this word arose some time during the Kamakura or Muromachi periods, and that the kanji spelling is ateji (当て字).[4] However, the term 武士 (bushi) with the kanji spelling is attested already in the Nara period, many centuries earlier. In addition, rendaku only applies to the latter element in compounds, so nominalized verb fushi would not appear as bushi on its own.
Pronunciation[edit]
Noun[edit]
- (historical, strictly) a professional warrior, a soldier
- (modern, loosely) a samurai
- Synonym: (more strictly) 侍 (samurai)
Usage notes[edit]
In modern popular usage, the terms bushi and samurai are often used in both English and Japanese somewhat loosely to refer to any soldier or warrior during Japan's feudal age (prior to the Meiji period). In historical contexts, these terms may be used with more specific senses, wherein bushi refers to any professional warrior, and samurai refers more strictly to a hereditary social class. See also 
Samurai on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
Derived terms[edit]
- 武士気質 (bushi-katagi)
- 武士詞 (bushi-kotoba)
- 武士団 (bushidan)
- 武士道 (bushidō)
- 武士の商法 (bushi no shōhō)
- 古武士 (kobushi)
Proverbs[edit]
- 武士に二言なし (bushi ni nigon nashi)
- 武士は相身互い (bushi wa aimitagai)
- 花は桜木人は武士 (hana wa sakuragi hito wa bushi)
Proper noun[edit]
- a place name
- a surname
Etymology 2[edit]
| Kanji in this term | |
|---|---|
| 武 | 士 |
| もののふ | |
| Grade: 5 | Grade: 5 |
| jukujikun | |
| Alternative spelling |
|---|
| 物部 (uncommon) |
/mo2no2no2pu/ → /mononopu/ → /mononofu/
From Old Japanese. First cited to the Kojiki of 712.[5]
Regarded as a compound of 物 (mono, “thing”, likely in reference to weapons) + の (no, possessive or genitive particle) + ふ (fu, of uncertain meaning; likely related to the be in 物部 (mononobe)).[5]
The kanji are jukujikun (熟字訓).
Pronunciation[edit]
Noun[edit]
- (historical) prior to the Ritsuryō system of the late 500s to late 700s, any of various groups directly serving the imperial family
- (historical, more generally) a professional warrior, a soldier
Derived terms[edit]
See also[edit]
Etymology 3[edit]
Various nanori readings.
Proper noun[edit]
| Kanji in this term | |
|---|---|
| 武 | 士 |
| たけ Grade: 5 |
し Grade: 5 |
- a place name
- a surname
- a male given name (Can we verify(+) this sense?)
- a male given name (Can we verify(+) this sense?)
References[edit]
- ^ “武士”, in 日本大百科全書：ニッポニカ (Nippon Dai Hyakka Zensho: Nipponica, “Encyclopedia Nipponica”)[1] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, 1984
- ^ “武士”, in 日本国語大辞典 (Nihon Kokugo Daijiten, “Nihon Kokugo Daijiten”)[2] (in Japanese), concise edition, Tōkyō: Shogakukan, 2000
- ^ Shinmura, Izuru, editor (1998), 広辞苑 (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tōkyō: Iwanami Shoten, →ISBN
- ^ Shinobu Orikuchi, Gorotsuki no Hanashi (ごろつきの話), 1928 in 折口信夫 全集, vol. 3, 1966:
更に、此頃になって目立って来た、もう一つの浮浪者があった。諸方の豪族の家々の子弟のうち、総領の土地を貰ふことの出来なかったもの、乃至は、戦争に負けて土地を奪はれたものなどが、諸国に新しい土地を求めようとして、彷徨した。此が又、前の浮浪団体に混同した。道中の便宜を得る為に、彼等の群に投じたといふやうなことがあったのだ。後世の「武士」は、実は宛て字である。「ぶし」の語原はこれらの野ぶし・山ぶしにあるらしい。 - ↑ 5.0 5.1 “物部・武士”, in 日本国語大辞典 (Nihon Kokugo Daijiten, “Nihon Kokugo Daijiten”)[3] (in Japanese), concise edition, Tōkyō: Shogakukan, 2000
- ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
Korean[edit]
| Hanja in this term | |
|---|---|
| 武 | 士 |
Noun[edit]
Vietnamese[edit]
| chữ Hán Nôm in this term | |
|---|---|
| 武 | 士 |
Noun[edit]
武士
Derived terms[edit]
- Cantonese terms with homophones
- Middle Chinese lemmas
- Chinese lemmas
- Mandarin lemmas
- Cantonese lemmas
- Hokkien lemmas
- Chinese nouns
- Mandarin nouns
- Cantonese nouns
- Hokkien nouns
- Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation
- Chinese terms with historical senses
- zh:Military
- zh:Occupations
- zh:People
- zh:Japan
- Japanese terms spelled with 武 read as ぶ
- Japanese terms spelled with 士 read as し
- Japanese terms read with on'yomi
- Japanese terms inherited from Old Japanese
- Japanese terms derived from Old Japanese
- Japanese terms derived from Middle Chinese
- Japanese terms with rendaku
- Japanese terms spelled with ateji
- Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation
- Japanese lemmas
- Japanese nouns
- Japanese terms with multiple readings
- Japanese terms spelled with fifth grade kanji
- Japanese terms written with two Han script characters
- Japanese terms with historical senses
- Japanese proper nouns
- Japanese surnames
- Japanese terms spelled with 武
- Japanese terms spelled with 士
- Japanese terms read with jukujikun
- Japanese compound terms
- Japanese terms spelled with jukujikun
- Japanese terms with usage examples
- Japanese terms spelled with 武 read as たけ
- Japanese given names
- Japanese male given names
- Korean lemmas
- Korean nouns
- Korean nouns in Han script
- Vietnamese lemmas
- Vietnamese nouns
- Vietnamese nouns in Han script
- Vietnamese Chữ Hán