死

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Translingual[edit]

Han character[edit]

Stroke order
死-bw.png

死 (radical 78 歹+2, 6 strokes, cangjie input 一弓心 (MNP), four-corner 10212, composition ⿸歹匕 or ⿱一⿰夕匕)

References[edit]

  • KangXi: page 578, character 22
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 16365
  • Dae Jaweon: page 970, character 7
  • Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 2, page 1380, character 6
  • Unihan data for U+6B7B

Chinese[edit]

-
simp. and trad.
 死

Pronunciation[edit]

Middle Chinese pronunciation (死, reconstructed)
Character (死), Pronunciation 1/1

Initial: 心 (16)
Final: 脂
Division: III

Openness: Open
Tone: Rising (X)

 Fanqie: 息姊切
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 Bernard
Karlgren		 Li
Rong		 Pan
Wuyun		 Edwin
Pulleyblank		 Wang
Li		 Shao
Rongfen
/siɪX/ /siX/ /siX/ /siX/ /siX/ /siX/ /sjɪX/
Old Chinese pronunciation (死, reconstructed)
Baxter-Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character Modern Beijing
(Pinyin)		 Middle Chinese Old Chinese English
死 sǐ ‹ sijX › /*sijʔ/ die (v.)

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter-Sagart system:

  • Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
  • Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
  • Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
  • Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;
  • Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character No. Phonetic
component		 Rime
group		 Rime
subdivision		 Corresponding
MC rime		 Old Chinese Notes
死 12006 死 脂 2 死 /*hljiʔ/

Definitions[edit]

死

  1. death
  2. to die
    佢兩年前已經死咗。 [Cantonese, trad.]
    佢两年前已经死咗。 [Cantonese, simp.]
    Keoi5 loeng5 nin4 cin4 ji5 ging1 sei2 zo2. [Jyutping]
    He already died two years ago.
  3. (intransitive) to go, to disappear
    嗰枝死人原子筆死咗去邊呀？ [Guangzhou Cantonese, trad.]
    嗰枝死人原子笔死咗去边呀？ [Guangzhou Cantonese, simp.]
    Go2 zi1 sei2 jan4 jyun4 zi2 bat1 sei2 zo2 heoi3 bin1 aa3? [Jyutping]
    Where's that goddamn pen?
  4. dead (not alive)
  5. (colloquial) dead, totally
    我累死了。 [MSC, trad. and simp.]
    Wǒ lěi sǐ le. [Pinyin]
    I'm dead tired.
  6. Abbreviation of 死人.
    嘈死！ [Cantonese, trad. and simp.]
    Cou4 sei2 ! [Jyutping]
    You're being really noisy!
  7. damned; damn
    呢個死阿伯唔識揸車。 [Cantonese, trad.]
    呢个死阿伯唔识揸车。 [Cantonese, simp.]
    Ni1 go3 sei2 aa3 baak3 m4 sik1 zaa1 ce1 [Jyutping]
    This damn geezer can't drive.
    死鬼佬 [Cantonese]  ―  sei2 gwai2 lou2 [Jyutping]  ―  goddamn white
  8. to death
    餓死 / 饿死  ―  èsǐ  ―  to die of starvation
    打死  ―  dǎsǐ  ―  to beat to death

Synonyms[edit]

Compounds[edit]

Derived terms

Japanese[edit]

Japanese Wikipedia has an article on:

Wikipedia ja

Kanji[edit]

See also:
死

(grade 3 “Kyōiku” kanji)

  1. death
  2. to die

Readings[edit]

Etymology 1[edit]

Appears to be a conflation of Middle Chinese 死 (sijX) (compare modern Mandarin 死 (sǐ)) with an Old Japanese root that happened to have a similar pronunciation to the Middle Chinese and was probably cognate with 去る (saru, “to go, to go away”).

In kanji compounds, this would be considered as on'yomi; on its own, this could be considered as either on'yomi or kun'yomi.

Pronunciation[edit]

Noun[edit]

死 (hiragana し, romaji shi)

  1. death
Derived terms[edit]
Derived terms

Kun'yomi:

On'yomi:

Verb[edit]

死 + する (hiragana しする, romaji shi suru)

  1. to die
    Considered somewhat more archaic or formal than 死ぬ (​shinu).
Conjugation[edit]
Conjugation of "死する" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
Stem forms
Imperfective (未然形) 死し しし shi shi
Continuative (連用形) 死し しし shi shi
Terminal (終止形) 死する しする shi suru
Attributive (連体形) 死する しする shi suru
Hypothetical (仮定形) 死すれ しすれ shi sure
Imperative (命令形) 死せよ¹
死しろ²		 しせよ¹
ししろ²		 shi seyo¹
shi shiro²
Key constructions
Passive 死される しされる shi sareru
Causative 死させる
死さす		 しさせる
しさす		 shi saseru
shi sasu
Potential 死できる しできる shi dekiru
Volitional 死しよう ししよう shi shiyō
Negative 死しない ししない shi shinai
Negative continuative 死せず しせず shi sezu
Formal 死します しします shi shimasu
Perfective 死した しした shi shita
Conjunctive 死して しして shi shite
Hypothetical conditional 死すれば しすれば shi sureba
¹ Written imperative

² Spoken imperative

Etymology 2[edit]

The 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “stem form”) of verb 死ぬ (shinu, “to die”).[1][4]

Pronunciation[edit]

Noun[edit]

死 (hiragana しに, romaji shini)

  1. death, dying
Derived terms[edit]
Derived terms

Prefix[edit]

死 (hiragana しに, romaji shini-)

  1. bloody, stupid, goddamn
    Used as a negative or pejorative intensifier.
Derived terms[edit]
Derived terms

References[edit]

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, ISBN 4-385-13905-9
  2. ^ 1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, ISBN 978-4-14-011112-3
  3. ^ 1997, 新明解国語辞典 (Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten), Fifth Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, ISBN 4-385-13143-0
  4. ^ 1988, 国語大辞典（新装版） (Kokugo Dai Jiten, Revised Edition) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan

Korean[edit]

Hanja[edit]

死 (sa) (hangeul 사, McCune-Reischauer sa, Yale sa)

  1. die
  2. death

Vietnamese[edit]

Han character[edit]

死 (tử, long)

  1. This entry needs a definition. Please add one, then remove {{defn}}.

Compounds[edit]

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