殘

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See also: 残
殘 U+6B98, 殘
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6B98
← 殗
[U+6B97] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 殙 →
[U+6B99]

Translingual[edit]

Traditional 殘
Shinjitai 残
Simplified 残

Han character[edit]

殘 (Kangxi radical 78, 歹+8, 12 strokes, cangjie input 一弓戈戈 (MNII), four-corner 13253, composition ⿰歹戔)

Derived characters[edit]

Descendants[edit]

References[edit]

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 581, character 37
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 16506
  • Dae Jaweon: page 974, character 6
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1389, character 4
  • Unihan data for U+6B98

Chinese[edit]

trad. 殘
simp. 残
alternative forms 戔／戋
㱚
𠡡
𢾃

Glyph origin[edit]

Characters in the same phonetic series (戔) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
殘 *zlaːn, *zaːns
戔 *zlaːn
帴 *zlaːn, *saːns, *ʔslenʔ, *ʔsleːn, *sreːd
虥 *zreːn, *zreːn, *zreːnʔ, *zraːns
盞 *ʔsreːnʔ
醆 *ʔsreːnʔ, *ʔljenʔ
琖 *ʔsreːnʔ
剗 *sʰreːnʔ
棧 *zreːnʔ, *zraːns, *zrenʔ
輚 *zreːnʔ, *zraːns
嶘 *zreːnʔ
錢 *ʔslenʔ, *zlen
俴 *ʔslenʔ, *zlenʔ
籛 *ʔslenʔ, *ʔslens, *ʔsleːn
淺 *sʰlenʔ, *ʔsleːn
濺 *ʔsens, *ʔseːn
踐 *zlenʔ
諓 *zlenʔ, *zlens
餞 *zlenʔ, *zlens
賤 *zlens
綫 *slens
箋 *ʔsleːn
牋 *ʔsleːn

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *zlaːn, *zaːns) : semantic 歹 (“vicious, bones”) + phonetic 戔 (OC *zlaːn) – to viciously harm, injure.

Semantic was originally 歺, but was simplified to 歹.

Pronunciation[edit]

Note:
  • chhân - vernacular;
  • chôaⁿ - vernacular, trace of saliva;
  • chân - literary.
Rime
Character 殘
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 從 (15)
Final (韻) 寒 (61)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) I
Fanqie 昨干切
Baxter dzan
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/d͡zɑn/
Pan
Wuyun 		/d͡zɑn/
Shao
Rongfen 		/d͡zɑn/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/d͡zan/
Li
Rong 		/d͡zɑn/
Wang
Li 		/d͡zɑn/
Bernard
Karlgren 		/d͡zʱɑn/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		cán
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		caan4
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 殘
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		cán
Middle
Chinese 		‹ dzan ›
Old
Chinese 		/*[dz]ˁa[n]/
English damage; hurt; cruel

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 殘 殘
Reading # 1/2 2/2
No. 5978 5981
Phonetic
component 		戔 戔
Rime
group 		元 元
Rime
subdivision 		1 1
Corresponding
MC rime 		殘
Old
Chinese 		/*zlaːn/ /*zaːns/
Notes 徂由祖校改歹原從月

Definitions[edit]

殘

  1. to damage; to destroy
  2. to kill; to injure
  3. to be left; to remain
  4. severe; cruel; brutal
  5. incomplete; fragmentary
  6. remaining; leftover
    殘冬／残冬  ―  cándōng  ―  end of winter
  7. (Southern Min) trace of saliva (on an object)
  8. (Cantonese) old-looking; dilapidated
  9. (Southern Sixian Hakka) naughty; mischievous

Synonyms[edit]

  • (cruel):
  • (naughty):
Dialectal synonyms of 頑皮 (“naughty”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 頑皮, 調皮, 淘氣
Mandarin Beijing 皮, 淘氣, 淘, 猴, 猴兒
Taiwan 皮, 調皮, 頑皮, 淘氣
Tianjin 皮, 淘, 猴兒
Langfang 調皮
Tangshan 調皮
Cangzhou 調皮
Baoding 費
Shijiazhuang 調皮
Daming 費勁
Jinan 調皮, 皮, 淘
Xi'an 匪, 淘氣, 俏皮, 皮
Wuhan 神, 調皮, 淘氣
Chengdu 淘氣, 費, 千方兒
Kunming 淘氣
Guilin 跳皮
Liuzhou 跳皮
Xuzhou 皮臉
Yangzhou 調皮, 皮
Hefei 調皮, 皮, 頑皮
Nantong 犯厭
Singapore 頑皮
Cantonese Guangzhou 跳皮, 百厭, 韌皮, 曳, 反斗, 星君, 扭計, 扭紋, 壞, 煞氣
Hong Kong 跳皮, 百厭, 韌皮, 曳, 反斗, 壞, 星君, 犯神
Hong Kong (San Tin Weitou) 百厭
Hong Kong (Kam Tin Weitou) 頑皮
Hong Kong (Ting Kok) 百厭
Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau) 懆
Macau 跳皮
Guangzhou (Panyu) 曳, 跳皮, 百厭
Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu) 韌皮
Guangzhou (Conghua) 跳皮
Guangzhou (Zengcheng) 百厭
Foshan 曳, 跳皮, 百厭
Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai) 曳
Foshan (Shunde) 百厭
Foshan (Sanshui) 跳皮, 百厭
Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming) 頑皮
Zhongshan (Shiqi) 壞, 跳皮
Zhuhai (Qianshan) 壞
Zhuhai (Doumen, Shangheng Tanka) 百厭, 壞
Zhuhai (Doumen) 百厭
Jiangmen (Baisha) 百厭
Jiangmen (Xinhui) 百厭
Taishan 壞賞, 壞, 曳, 搞家, 譑蠻, 飛耍, 惡教, 匪類, 扭紋
Kaiping (Chikan) 壞賞, 壞
Enping (Niujiang) 壞鬼
Heshan (Yayao) 韌皮
Dongguan 曳, 百厭
Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an) 百厭, 跳皮
Yangjiang 跳皮, 蠻皮
Nanning 跳皮, 百厭, 牛骨, 頑皮
Wuzhou 韌皮, 百厭, 百跳
Yulin 頑, 牛骨
Hepu (Lianzhou) 跳皮, 勿乖
Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) 頑皮
Singapore (Guangfu) 韌皮
Ho Chi Minh City (Guangfu) 扭計, 曳, 百厭
Gan Nanchang 調皮, 頑皮
Hakka Meixian 蠻皮, 蠻, 番綻, 綻頭, 綻皮, 綻, 懆, 跳皮
Xingning 蠻, 懆
Huizhou (Huicheng Bendihua) 頑皮
Huidong (Daling) 調皮, 綻頭, 懆
Dongguan (Qingxi) 頑皮
Shenzhen (Shatoujiao) 跳皮
Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui) 跳皮
Shaoguan (Qujiang) 綻, 懆
Lianshan (Xiaosanjiang) 賤
Conghua (Lütian) 頑皮
Changting 綻, 懆
Wuping 綻, 懆
Wuping (Pingyu) 綻
Liancheng 綻, 懆
Ninghua 浪綻, 懆
Ruijin 綻, 孽
Shangyou (Shexi) 綻, 頑皮
Miaoli (N. Sixian) 番綻, 蠻皮, 綻頭, 孱頭, 牛, 賤, 調皮, 當牛
Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) 殘, 牛, 賤, 調皮, 蓋牛
Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) 番綻, 蠻綻, 綻, 綻頭, 孱頭, 牛, 賤, 調皮, 當牛
Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) 番綻, 綻頭, 牛, 賤, 調皮, 當牛
Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) 番綻, 綻頭, 綻剁頭, 牛, 賤, 調皮, 當牛
Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) 狡怪, 番, 賤頭, 牛, 牛頭, 牛獗, 賤, 真牛
Hong Kong 頑皮
Luchuan (Daqiao) 跳皮
Senai (Huiyang) 跳皮
Jin Taiyuan 頑皮
Zhangjiakou 調皮
Handan 費
Northern Min Jian'ou 刁皮, 韌皮
Eastern Min Fuzhou 刁皮, 楞蟶
Fuqing 調皮
Southern Min Xiamen 孽, 孽潲, 孽唆, 跳鬼, 刁皮, 跳限, 跳塌, 賤, 歹死, 揲, 揲篤
Quanzhou 孽, 孽潲, 孽唆, 跳鬼, 賤, 歹死
Zhangzhou 孽, 孽潲, 賤, 歹, 歹死
Kaohsiung 賤
Yilan 賤
Changhua (Lukang) 狡怪
Taichung 孽潲
Taichung (Wuqi) 孽潲
Tainan 作孽, 孽, 孽潲
Taitung 孽潲
Hsinchu 孽
Penghu (Magong) 狡怪
Penang (Hokkien) 孽, 怪孽, 歹死
Singapore (Hokkien) 孽, 孽死, 孽潲, 賤, 歹死
Manila (Hokkien) 歹死, 孽, 孽潲
Zhangping (Yongfu) 調皮, 惡蠻, 蠻
Pingnan (Shangdu) 頑皮
Chaozhou 燦頭
Shantou 野, 野死, 好耍, 頑皮
Bangkok (Teochew) 跳皮
Johor Bahru (Teochew) 孬
Southern Pinghua Nanning (Tingzi) 跳皮
Northern Pinghua Guilin (Dahe) 頑皮, 跳皮
Wu Shanghai 頑皮, 皮, 賴皮, 搨皮, 淘氣
Shanghai (Chongming) 厭, 調皮, 頑皮
Suzhou 皮, 調皮, 厭
Wuxi 厭, 皮
Danyang 調皮, 皮
Hangzhou 厭, 調皮
Ningbo 皮
Wenzhou 調皮, 皮, 皮蚩, 蠻, 惡
Jinhua 調皮, 皮, 皮面
Xiang Changsha 跳皮, 跳夾
Shuangfeng 跳皮, 頑皮
Quanzhou 頑皮

Compounds[edit]

Japanese[edit]

Shinjitai

残

Kyūjitai

殘

Kanji[edit]

殘

(uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji, kyūjitai kanji, shinjitai form 残)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Readings[edit]

Korean[edit]

Hanja[edit]

殘 • (jan) (hangeul 잔, revised jan, McCune–Reischauer chan, Yale can)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese[edit]

Han character[edit]

殘: Hán Nôm readings: tàn

  • 殘疾 tàn tật
  • 殘杯 tàn bôi
  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

References[edit]

  • Thiều Chửu : Hán Việt Tự Điển Hà Nội 1942
  • Trần Văn Chánh: Từ Điển Hán Việt NXB Trẻ, Ho Chi Minh Ville, 1999
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