民

See also: 艮 and 良

Translingual

Stroke order

Etymology

Pictogram (象形).

Two interpretations exist.

A pictogram of an eye pierced by a dagger, a practice conducted to enslave a person. The character originally means "slave".

A pictogram of a woman with vagina emphasized: breasts on top (compare 母 and 女), vagina at cross on bottom (in previous forms often a dot instead): the source of people, hence “populace”.

Han character

民 (radical 83 氏+1, 5 strokes, cangjie input 口女心 (RVP), four-corner 7774₇)

1. people, subjects, citizens

Derived characters

• 眠 氓 罠 囻

References

• KangXi: page 598, character 1
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 17028
• Dae Jaweon: page 988, character 32
• Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 3, page 2131, character 1
• Unihan data for U+6C11

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Chinese

		-
simp. and trad.		民

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): mín, méng (min², meng²)

  (Zhuyin): ㄇㄧㄣˊ, ㄇㄥˊ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): man⁴
• Hakka (Pha̍k-fa-sṳ):
• Min Nan (POJ): bîn

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese, Beijing)⁺
    • Pinyin: mín
    • Zhuyin: ㄇㄧㄣˊ
    • Wade-Giles: min²
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: min
    • IPA ^(key): /min³⁵/
      
      
  • (Standard Chinese, Beijing)⁺
    • Pinyin: méng
    • Zhuyin: ㄇㄥˊ
    • Wade-Giles: mêng²
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: meng
    • IPA ^(key): /mɤŋ³⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
    • Jyutping: man⁴
    • Yale: màhn
    • Cantonese Pinyin: man⁴
    • IPA ^(key): /mɐn²¹/
• Hakka
  • Romanisations:
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ:
    • IPA (Siyen, incl. Miaoli): /⁵⁵/
• Min Nan
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: bîn
    • Tâi-lô: bîn
    • IPA (Taipei): /bin²³/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /bin¹³/

Middle Chinese pronunciation (民, reconstructed)
Character (民), Pronunciation 1/1
Initial: 明 (4) Final: 眞 Division: III			Openness: Open Tone: Level (Ø)			Fanqie: 彌鄰切
Zhengzhang Shangfang	Bernard Karlgren	Li Rong	Pan Wuyun	Edwin Pulleyblank	Wang Li	Shao Rongfen
/miɪn/	/mi̯ĕn/	/miĕn/	/min/	/min/	/mĭĕn/	/mjen/

Old Chinese pronunciation (民, reconstructed)
Baxter-Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character								Modern Beijing (Pinyin)								Middle Chinese								Old Chinese								English
民								mín								‹ mjin ›								/*mi[ŋ]/								people
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter-Sagart system: Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character					No.					Phonetic component					Rime group					Rime subdivision					Corresponding MC rime					Old Chinese					Notes
民					9130					民					眞					1					民					/*min/

Compounds

• 民间

References

• (Min Nan) Taiwan Min Nan Common Words Dictionary (臺灣閩南語常用詞辭典)

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Japanese

Kanji

民

(grade 4 “Kyōiku” kanji)

1. nation, peoples

Readings

• Goon: みん (min)
• Kan’on: びん (bin)
• Kun: たみ (tami)

Compounds

民意 (みんい, min'i) 民間 (みんかん, minkan) 民業 (みんぎょう, mingyō) 民権 (みんけん, minken)

民主 (みんしゅ, minshu) 民衆 (みんしゅう, minshū) 民主主義 (みんしゅしゅぎ, minshushugi) 民族 (みんぞく, minzoku)

民族主義 (みんぞくしゅぎ, minzokushugi) 国民 (こくみん, kokumin) 市民 (しみん, shimin) 市民活動 (しみんかつどう, shiminkatsudō)

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Korean

Hanja

民 (min)
Eumhun:

• Sound (hangeul): 민 (revised: min, McCune-Reischauer: min, Yale: min)

• Name (hangeul): 백성 (revised: baekseong, McCune-Reischauer: paeksŏng, Yale: paykseng)

1. (백성): the people, the populace, the nation

Compounds

民家 (민가, min-ga) 民間 (민간, mingan) 民權 (민권, mingwon) 民道 (민도, mindo) 民亂 (민란, minran) 民泊 (민박, minbag) 民法 (민법, minbeob) 民兵 (민병, minbyeong) 民事 (민사, minsa) 民生 (민생, minsaeng) 民選 (민선, minseon)

民俗 (민속, minsog) 民心 (민심, minsim) 民營 (민영, minyeong) 民謠 (민요, minyo) 民願 (민원, minwon) 民意 (민의, minui) 民政 (민정, minjeong) 民族 (민족, minjog) 民主 (민주, minju) 民衆 (민중, minjung) 民弊 (민폐, minpye)

公民 (공민, gongmin) 僑民 (교민, gyomin) 國民 (국민, gukmin) 農民 (농민, nongmin) 常民 (상민, sangmin) 庶民 (서민, seomin) 選民 (선민, seonmin) 市民 (시민, simin) 人民 (인민, inmin) 住民 (주민, jumin) 平民 (평민, pyeongmin)

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Vietnamese

Han character

民 (dân, rân)

1. This entry needs a definition. Please add one, then remove {{defn}}.

Noun

民

1. Hán tự form of dân