氣

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See also: 气, 気, and 炁

Translingual[edit]

shinjitai

 気

simplified

 气

traditional

 氣

Etymology[edit]

Phono-semantic compound (形聲): phonetic 气 + semantic 米 (“rice”) - to give rice as a gift. Later borrowed meanings of "air, flow" from 气. The derivative 餼 refers to the original word.

Han character[edit]

氣 (radical 84 气+6, 10 strokes, cangjie input 人弓火木 (ONFD), four-corner 80917, composition ⿹气米)

References[edit]

  • KangXi: page 599, character 12
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 17059
  • Dae Jaweon: page 990, character 26
  • Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 3, page 2011, character 14
  • Unihan data for U+6C23

Chinese[edit]

-
trad. 氣
simp. 气

Pronunciation[edit]

Middle Chinese pronunciation (氣, reconstructed)
Character (氣), Pronunciation 1/2

Initial: 溪 (29)
Final: 微
Division: III

Openness: Open
Tone: Departing (H)

 Fanqie: 去旣切
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 Bernard
Karlgren		 Li
Rong		 Pan
Wuyun		 Edwin
Pulleyblank		 Wang
Li		 Shao
Rongfen
/kʰɨiH/ /kʰe̯iH/ /kʰiəiH/ /kʰɨiH/ /kʰɨjH/ /kʰĭəiH/ /kʰiəiH/
Character (氣), Pronunciation 2/2

Initial: 曉 (32)
Final: 微
Division: III

Openness: Open
Tone: Departing (H)

 Fanqie: 許旣切
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 Bernard
Karlgren		 Li
Rong		 Pan
Wuyun		 Edwin
Pulleyblank		 Wang
Li		 Shao
Rongfen
/hɨiH/ /xe̯iH/ /xiəiH/ /hɨiH/ /hɨjH/ /xĭəiH/ /xiəiH/
Old Chinese pronunciation (氣, reconstructed)
Baxter-Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character Modern Beijing
(Pinyin)		 Middle Chinese Old Chinese English
氣 qì ‹ khjɨjH › /*C.qʰəp-s/ cloudy vapors
氣 xì ‹ xjɨjH › /*qʰət-s/ to present food

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter-Sagart system:

  • Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
  • Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
  • Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
  • Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;
  • Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character No. Phonetic
component		 Rime
group		 Rime
subdivision		 Corresponding
MC rime		 Old Chinese Notes
氣 10140 气 隊 1 /*kʰɯds/
氣 10143 气 隊 1 /*qʰɯds/ 後作餼

Definitions[edit]

氣

  1. air; gas
    天然氣／天然气 ("natural gas")
    出去透透氣！ [MSC, trad.]
    出去透透气！ [MSC, simp.]
    Chūqù tòu tòu qì! [Pinyin]
    Go out to breathe fresh air!
    輪胎漏氣了。 [MSC, trad.]
    轮胎漏气了。 [MSC, simp.]
    Lúntāi lòu qì le. [Pinyin]
    The tire leaks air.
  2. breath
    喘不過氣來 / 喘不过气来  ―  chuǎnbùguòqì lái  ―  to be out of breath
    我會戰鬥到最后一口氣。 [MSC, trad.]
    我会战斗到最后一口气。 [MSC, simp.]
    Wǒ huì zhàndòu dào zuìhòu yī kǒu qì. [Pinyin]
    I will fight to my last breath.
  3. (Chinese philosophy) Qi; vital energy; life force
  4. smell; odour
    氣味／气味 ("smell")
    把廚炊的煙火氣從衣服上去掉是很難的。 [MSC, trad.]
    把厨炊的烟火气从衣服上去掉是很难的。 [MSC, simp.]
    Bǎ chúchuī de yānhuǒ qì cóng yīfú shàng qùdiào shì hěn nán de. [Pinyin]
    It is difficult to remove the smell of cooking from clothes.
  5. weather
    天氣／天气 ("weather")
  6. to get angry
    生氣／生气 ("to get angry")
  7. to make angry, to annoy
    別氣我！ [MSC, trad.]
    别气我！ [MSC, simp.]
    Bié qì wǒ! [Pinyin]
    Don't annoy me!
  8. to breathe

Compounds[edit]

Derived terms

Descendants[edit]

Sino-Xenic (氣):

Japanese[edit]

Kanji[edit]

See also:
氣

(uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji, kyūjitai kanji, shinjitai form 気)

Readings[edit]

Usage notes[edit]

Not used in modern Japanese. Replaced by the shinjitai form 気.

Korean[edit]

Hanja[edit]

氣 (gi) (hangeul 기, McCune-Reischauer ki, Yale ki)

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Compounds[edit]

Vietnamese[edit]

Han character[edit]

氣 (khí)

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