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See also:
U+6C38, 永
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6C38

[U+6C37]
CJK Unified Ideographs
[U+6C39]

Translingual

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Stroke order
5 strokes
Stroke order

Han character

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(Kangxi radical 85, +1, 5 strokes, cangjie input 戈弓水 (INE), four-corner 30232, composition 𠃌丿)

Derived characters

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References

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  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 603, character 4
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 17088
  • Dae Jaweon: page 996, character 4
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 1546, character 3
  • Unihan data for U+6C38

Chinese

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simp. and trad.

Glyph origin

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Historical forms of the character
Shang Western Zhou Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts

Pictogram (象形) of a long river with tributaries. Cognate with 𠂢, .

Alternatively, pictogram (象形) of a person swimming in the water. Original form of (OC *ɢʷraŋs).

Etymology

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Uncertain.

Pronunciation

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Note: uêng2 - Jieyang.

  • Dialectal data
Variety Location
Mandarin Beijing /yŋ²¹⁴/
Harbin /yŋ²¹³/
Tianjin /ʐuŋ¹³/
/yŋ¹³/
Jinan /yŋ⁵⁵/
Qingdao /iŋ⁵⁵/
Zhengzhou /yuŋ⁵³/
Xi'an /yŋ⁵³/
Xining /yə̃⁵³/
Yinchuan /yŋ⁵³/
Lanzhou /ỹn⁴⁴²/
Ürümqi /yŋ⁵¹/
Wuhan /yn⁴²/
Chengdu /yn⁵³/
Guiyang /in⁴²/
Kunming /ioŋ⁵³/
Nanjing /ioŋ²¹²/
Hefei /yn²⁴/
Jin Taiyuan /yəŋ⁵³/
Pingyao /yŋ⁵³/
/y⁵³/ ~城村
Hohhot /ỹŋ⁵³/
Wu Shanghai /ioŋ³⁵/
Suzhou /ioŋ⁵¹/
Hangzhou /ʔioŋ⁵³/
Wenzhou /j̠oŋ³⁵/
Hui Shexian /yʌ̃³⁵/
Tunxi /yan²⁴/
Xiang Changsha /yn⁴¹/
Xiangtan /yn⁴²/
Gan Nanchang /yn²¹³/
Hakka Meixian /iun³¹/
Taoyuan /ʒuŋ³¹/
Cantonese Guangzhou /weŋ²³/
Nanning /weŋ²⁴/
Hong Kong /wiŋ¹³/
Min Xiamen (Hokkien) /iŋ⁵³/
Fuzhou (Eastern Min) /iŋ³²/
Jian'ou (Northern Min) /œyŋ²¹/
Shantou (Teochew) /ioŋ⁵³/
Haikou (Hainanese) /zoŋ²¹³/

Rime
Character
Reading # 1/1
Initial () (35)
Final () (112)
Tone (調) Rising (X)
Openness (開合) Closed
Division () III
Fanqie
Baxter hjwaengX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/ɦˠwiæŋX/
Pan
Wuyun
/ɦʷᵚiaŋX/
Shao
Rongfen
/ɣiuaŋX/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/ɦwiajŋX/
Li
Rong
/ɣiuɐŋX/
Wang
Li
/ɣĭwɐŋX/
Bernard
Karlgren
/i̯wɐŋX/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
yǒng
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex
wing5
BaxterSagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)
yǒng
Middle
Chinese
‹ hjwængX ›
Old
Chinese
/*[ɢ]ʷraŋʔ/
English long (time)

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character
Reading # 1/1
No. 15423
Phonetic
component
Rime
group
Rime
subdivision
0
Corresponding
MC rime
Old
Chinese
/*ɢʷraŋʔ/

Definitions

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  1. perpetual; eternal; permanent; forever
  2. long (space or time)
  3. to prolong; to lengthen
  4. 53rd tetragram of the Taixuanjing; "eternity" (𝌺)
  5. a surname

Compounds

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Japanese

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Kanji

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(Fifth grade kyōiku kanji)

  1. eternity
  2. long
  3. lengthy

Readings

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Compounds

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Synonyms

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Etymology 1

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Kanji in this term
えい
Grade: 5
kan'on

From Middle Chinese (MC hjwaengX).

The kan'on pronunciation, so likely a later borrowing.

Pronunciation

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Affix

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(えい) (ei

  1. long (time)
  2. perpetual; eternal

Noun

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(えい) (ei

  1. (historical) Abbreviation of 永楽銭 (eirakusen).
  2. (historical) This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Etymology 2

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Kanji in this term
よう
Grade: 5
goon

From Middle Chinese (MC hjwaengX).

The goon pronunciation, so likely the initial borrowing.

Pronunciation

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Affix

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(よう) (やう (yau)?

  1. (rare) Synonym of (ei, long (time), eternal)

Etymology 3

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Kanji in this term
なが
Grade: 5
kun'yomi
For pronunciation and definitions of – see the following entry: なが

(The following entry is uncreated: なが.)

References

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  1. ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

Korean

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Hanja

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(eumhun (gil yeong))

  1. hanja form? of (long, deep, forever)

References

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Vietnamese

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Han character

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: Hán Việt readings: vĩnh
: Nôm readings: vắng, vẳng, vánh, vảnh, vênh, vểnh, viếng, vĩnh

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.