汝

Translingual

Han character

汝 (radical 85 水+3, 6 strokes, cangjie input 水女 (EV), four-corner 3414₀, composition ⿰氵女)

1. you (archaic, informal) (also written 女 in pre-Han times, e.g. in Confucius' Analects)
2. Rú (汝), a river in Henan (pre-Han times)

References

• KangXi: page 606, character 2
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 17138
• Dae Jaweon: page 999, character 11
• Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 3, page 1555, character 4
• Unihan data for U+6C5D

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Cantonese

Hanzi

汝 (Yale yu5)

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Japanese

Etymology 1

Pronoun

汝 (hiragana い, romaji i)

1. second person pronoun; you
   • 712: Kojiki (page 156)

     大久米命二人、召兄宇迦斯罵詈云、伊賀此二字以音所作仕奉於大殿内者、意禮此二字以音先入、明白其將爲仕奉之状而[...]

Etymology 2

Pronoun

汝 (hiragana まし, romaji mashi)

1. second person pronoun; you
   • c. 759: Man'yōshū (book 14, poem #3440)

     許乃河泊尓 安佐菜安良布児 奈礼毛安礼毛 余知乎曽母弖流 伊仾児多婆里尓 _{一云 麻之毛安礼母}

Derived terms

• 汝 (imashi)
• 汝 (mimashi)

Etymology 3

Prefix i + pronoun mashi. See also mimashi.

Pronoun

汝 (hiragana いまし, romaji imashi)

1. second person pronoun; you
   • c. 759: Man'yōshū (book 11, poem #2517)

     足千根乃 母尓障良婆 無用 伊麻思毛吾毛 事應成

   • c. 759: Man'yōshū (book 14, poem #3359)

     駿河能宇美 於思敝尓於布流 波麻都豆良 伊麻思乎多能美 波播尓多我比奴 _{一云 於夜尓多我比奴}

   • 797: Shoku Nihongi (edict #29)

     朕子伊末之仁授給

Etymology 4

Honorific prefix mi + pronoun mashi. See also imashi.

Pronoun

汝 (hiragana みまし, romaji mimashi)

1. second person pronoun; you
   • 797: Shoku Nihongi (edict #5)

     藤原宮爾天下所知美麻斯乃父止坐天皇乃美麻斯爾賜志天下之業止詔大命乎聞食恐美受賜懼理坐事乎衆聞食宣。可久賜時爾美麻斯王乃齡乃弱爾[...]吾子美麻斯王爾授賜[...]

   • 797: Shoku Nihongi (edict #51)

     美末斯大臣乃萬政總以<...> 彌麻之大臣之家内子等乎母<...>美麻之大臣乃罷道母[...]

   • 797: Shoku Nihongi (edict #52)

     大命坐詔久美麻斯大臣乃仕奉來狀波[...]

Etymology 5

The short form of nare.

Pronoun

汝 (hiragana な, romaji na)

1. second person personal pronoun; you
   • 712: Kojiki (poem #5)

     夜知富許能 加微能美許登夜 阿賀淤富久迩奴斯 那許曾波 遠迩伊麻世婆 宇知微流 斯麻能佐岐邪岐 加岐微流 伊蘇能佐岐淤知受和加久佐能 都麻母多勢良米 阿波母與 賣迩斯阿禮婆 那遠岐弖遠波那志 那遠岐弖 都麻波那斯 [...]

   • 720: Nihon Shoki (poem #90)

     飫裒枳瀰能 耶陛能矩瀰哿枳 哿哿梅騰謀 儺嗚阿摩之耳彌 哿哿農倶彌柯枳

   • c. 759: Man'yōshū (book 14, poem #3353)

     阿良多麻能 伎倍乃波也之尓 奈乎多弖天 由伎可都麻思自 移乎佐伎太多尼

   • c. 759: Man'yōshū (book 14, poem #3468)

     夜麻杼里乃 乎呂能波都乎尓 可賀美可家 刀奈布倍美許曽 奈尓与曽利鶏米

   • c. 920: Azuma Asobi Uta (#2)

     衣 和賀世古加 介左乃古止天者 奈奈川乎乃 也川乎乃古止乎 之良部 太留古止也 奈乎加介也末乃 可川乃介也 乎々々々

Etymology 6

The long form of nare. Compound of na and suffix re.

Pronoun

汝 (hiragana なれ, romaji nare)

1. second person personal pronoun; you
   • c. 759: Man'yōshū (book 14, poem #3440)

     許乃河泊尓 安佐菜安良布児 奈礼毛安礼毛 余知乎曽母弖流 伊仾児多婆里尓 _{一云 麻之毛安礼母}

   • c. 913 Kokin Wakashū (#904)

     ちはやぶる宇治のはしもり なれをしぞあはれとは思ふ 年のへぬれば

Etymology 7

Compound of na and muchi.

Pronoun

汝 (hiragana なむち, romaji namuchi)

1. second person pronoun; you

Etymology 8

/namuti/ > /namti/ > /namdi/ > /nandi/. From earlier namuchi. Final voicing due to influence of medial voiced /m/.

Pronoun

汝 (hiragana なむぢ, romaji nanji)

1. second person personal pronoun; you
   • c. late 9th–mid-10th century: Taketori Monogatari

     大納言わらゐて、「なむぢらが君の使と名を流しつ。君の仰ごとをば、いかが背くべき」との給て [...]

   • c. late 9th–mid-10th century: Taketori Monogatari

     大納言起きゐてのたまはく、「汝（なむぢ）らよくもて來ずなりぬ。龍は鳴る神のるいにこそありけれ。[...]」

Etymology 9

/namuti/ > /namti/ > /namdi/ > /nandi/ > /nanzi/ [nanʥi]

Pronoun

汝 (hiragana なんじ, romaji nanji, historical hiragana なんぢ)

1. second person pronoun; you
   • c. late 9th–mid-10th century: Taketori Monogatari

     「汝（なんぢ）が持ちて侍るかぐや姫たてまつれ。」

   • c. late 9th–mid-10th century: Taketori Monogatari

     いはく、「汝（なんぢ）、おさなき人、いささかなる功徳を翁つくりけるによりて、汝（なんぢ）が助けにとて、かた時のほどとて下ししを[...]」

Etymology 10

Kanji

汝

Readings

• On: じょ (jo)
• Kun: なんじ (nanji)

References

• 1997 February 13, Horiuchi, Hideaki; Akiyama Ken, Shin Nihon Koten Bungaku Taikei 17: Taketori Monogatari, Ise Monogatari (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Iwanami Shoten, ISBN 4-0024-0017-4:
• 1936, Kurano, Kenji, Shoku Nihongi Senmyō (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Iwanami Shoten, ISBN 4-00-300381-0:
• 1958, Kurano, Kenji; Yūkichi Takeda, Nihon Koten Bungaku Taikei 1: Kojiki, Norito, Iwanami Shoten, ISBN 4-0006-0001-X:
• 1958 February 13, Saeki, Umetomo, Nihon Koten Bungaku Taikei 8: Kokin Wakashū (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Iwanami Shoten, ISBN 4-0006-0008-7:
• 1957 February 13, Sakakura, Atsuyoshi; Yūichi Ōtsu, Hiroshi Tsukishima, Toshiko Abe, Imai Gen'e, Nihon Koten Bungaku Taikei 9: Taketori Monogatari, Ise Monogatari, Yamato Monogatari (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Iwanami Shoten, ISBN 4-0006-0009-5:
• 2002 [c. 759], Satake, Akihiro; Hideo Yamada, Rikio Kudō, Masao Ōtani, Yoshiyuki Yamazaki, Shin Nihon Koten Bungaku Taikei 3: Man'yōshū 3 (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Iwanami Shoten, ISBN 4-00-240003-4:
• 1957, Tsuchihashi, Yutaka; Jin'ichi Konishi, Nihon Koten Bungaku Taikei 3: Kodai Kayōshū (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Iwanami Shoten, ISBN 4-00-060003-6:

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Korean

Hanja

汝 (hangeul 여, revised yeo, McCune-Reischauer yŏ, Yale ye)

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Mandarin

Hanzi

汝 (pinyin rǔ (ru3), Wade-Giles ju³)

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Min Nan

Pronunciation

• IPA: [ lɤ2 ])

Pronoun

汝 (traditional and simplified, POJ lú, jú)

1. second personal pronoun, you (Teochew and some Hokkien dialects, primarily in Southeast Asia and Xiamen)

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Vietnamese

Han character

汝 (nhữ, nhớ, nhở, nhởi, nhứ, nhử, dử, nhừ, nở)