沙

Translingual

Han character

沙 (radical 85 水+4, 7 strokes, cangjie input 水火竹 (EFH), four-corner 3912₀, composition ⿰氵少)

1. sand, gravel, pebbles
2. granulated
3. the number 10^-8

References

• KangXi: page 611, character 21
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 17212
• Dae Jaweon: page 1005, character 3
• Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 3, page 1562, character 9
• Unihan data for U+6C99

See also

• Chinese Numeral 沙
  • Next: 塵
  • Last: 纖
• 砂

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Chinese

		-
simp. and trad.		沙

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): shā (sha¹)

  (Zhuyin): ㄕㄚ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): saa¹
• Min Nan (POJ): soa / sa / se

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese, Beijing)⁺
    • Pinyin: shā
    • Zhuyin: ㄕㄚ
    • Wade-Giles: sha¹
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: sha
    • IPA ^(key): /ʂa̠⁵⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
    • Jyutping: saa¹
    • Yale: sā
    • Cantonese Pinyin: saa¹
    • IPA ^(key): /sɑː⁵⁵/
• Min Nan
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: soa / sa / se
    • Tâi-lô: sua / sa / se
    • IPA (Taipei): /sua⁴⁴/, /sa⁴⁴/, /se⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /sua³⁴/, /sa³⁴/, /se³⁴/

Middle Chinese pronunciation (沙, reconstructed)
Character (沙), Pronunciation 1/2
Initial: 生 (21) Final: 麻 Division: II			Openness: Open Tone: Level (Ø)			Fanqie: 所加切
Zhengzhang Shangfang	Bernard Karlgren	Li Rong	Pan Wuyun	Edwin Pulleyblank	Wang Li	Shao Rongfen
/ʃɣa/	/ʂa/	/ʃa/	/ʃɯa/	/ʂaɨ/	/ʃa/	/ʃa/
Character (沙), Pronunciation 2/2
Initial: 生 (21) Final: 麻 Division: II			Openness: Open Tone: Departing (H)			Fanqie: 所嫁切
Zhengzhang Shangfang	Bernard Karlgren	Li Rong	Pan Wuyun	Edwin Pulleyblank	Wang Li	Shao Rongfen
/ʃɣaH/	/ʂaH/	/ʃaH/	/ʃɯaH/	/ʂaɨH/	/ʃaH/	/ʃaH/

Old Chinese pronunciation (沙, reconstructed)
Baxter-Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character								Modern Beijing (Pinyin)								Middle Chinese								Old Chinese								English
沙								shā								‹ sræ ›								/*sˤraj/								sand
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter-Sagart system: Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character					No.					Phonetic component					Rime group					Rime subdivision					Corresponding MC rime					Old Chinese					Notes
沙					11025					沙					歌					1					鯊					/*sraːl/
沙					11035					沙					歌					1					嗄					/*sraːls/

Noun

沙 (traditional and simplified, POJ soa (soa¹))

1. sand

Prefix

沙 (traditional and simplified, POJ sa)

1. sand

Suffix

沙 (traditional and simplified, POJ se)

1. sand

Derived terms

• trad. 沙文主義, simpl. 沙文主义 (Sa-bûn-chú-gī)
• (Min Nan) 土沙 (thô·-soa)
• (Min Nan) 豆沙 (tāu-se)

Compounds

• 豆沙
• 喇沙
• 叻沙
• 沙漠
• 沙发

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Japanese

Kanji

沙

(common “Jōyō” kanji)

1. This entry needs a definition. Please add one, then remove {{defn}}.

Readings

• Goon: しゃ (sha)
• Kan’on: さ (sa)
• Kun: すな (suna), よなげる (yonageru)

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Korean

Hanja

沙 (sa) (hangeul 사, revised sa, McCune-Reischauer sa, Yale sa) [모래 사]

1. This entry needs a definition. Please add one, then remove {{defn}}.

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Vietnamese

Han character

沙 (sa, sá)

1. This entry needs a definition. Please add one, then remove {{defn}}.

Readings

• Nôm: xa, sa, sá, sà

References

• Thiều Chửu : Hán Việt Tự Điển Hà Nội 1942
• Trần Văn Chánh: Từ Điển Hán Việt NXB Trẻ, Ho Chi Minh Ville, 1999
• Vũ Văn Kính: Đại Tự Điển Chữ Nôm , NXB Văn Nghệ, Ho Chi Minh Ville