海
Definition from Wiktionary, the free dictionary
Translingual[edit]
| 海 | |
| 海 | |
| 海 |
Etymology[edit]
Phono-semantic compound (形聲): semantic 氵 (“water”) + phonetic 每
The Old Chinese word is believed to have been pronounced very much like 每, with an m- initial. Baxter-Sagart reconstruct the Old Chinese as *m̥ˤəʔ; compare with 每 *mˤəʔ.
Appears with 母 (2 dots) in Chinese, yielding 海, but with simplified form 毋 (1 cross stroke) in Japanese shinjitai, yielding 海 = 氵 + 毎. These are however encoded with the same Unicode character – see Han unification.
Han character[edit]
海 (radical 85 水+7 in Chinese, 水+6 in Japanese, in Chinese 10 strokes, in Japanese 9 strokes, cangjie input 水人田卜 (EOWY), four-corner 38157, composition ⿰氵每)
References[edit]
- KangXi: page 625, character 14
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 17450
- Dae Jaweon: page 1023, character 11
- Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 3, page 1627, character 1
- Unihan data for U+6D77
Chinese[edit]
| - | ||
|---|---|---|
| simp. and trad. |
海 | |
Pronunciation[edit]
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese, Beijing)+
- Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄏㄞˇ
- Wade-Giles: hai3
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: hae
- IPA (key): /xaɪ̯²¹⁴/
-
(file)
- (Standard Chinese, Beijing)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)+
- Jyutping: hoi2
- Yale: hói
- Cantonese Pinyin: hoi2
- IPA (key): /hɔːi̯³⁵/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)+
- Hakka
- Romanisations:
- POJ: hói (hoi2)
- Romanisations:
- Min Nan
- Wu
- (Shanghainese)
- WT Romanisation: he (T2)
- IPA (key): /hᴇ³⁴/
- (Shanghainese)
| Middle Chinese pronunciation (海, reconstructed) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Character (海), Pronunciation 1/1 | ||||||
|
Initial: 曉 (32) |
Openness: Open |
Fanqie: 呼改切 | ||||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang |
Bernard Karlgren |
Li Rong |
Pan Wuyun |
Edwin Pulleyblank |
Wang Li |
Shao Rongfen |
| /hʌiX/ | /xɑ̆iX/ | /xᴀiX/ | /həiX/ | /həjX/ | /xɒiX/ | /xɒiX/ |
| Old Chinese pronunciation (海, reconstructed) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Baxter-Sagart system 1.1 (2014) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Character | Modern Beijing (Pinyin) |
Middle Chinese | Old Chinese | English | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 海 | hǎi | ‹ xojX › | /*m̥ ˤəʔ (dialect *m̥ ˤ- > x-)/ | sea | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter-Sagart system:
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Zhengzhang system (2003) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Character | No. | Phonetic component |
Rime group |
Rime subdivision |
Corresponding MC rime |
Old Chinese | Notes | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 海 | 9283 | 母 | 之 | 0 | 海 | /*hmlɯːʔ/ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Noun[edit]
海
Proper noun[edit]
海
Compounds[edit]
Japanese[edit]
Kanji[edit]
海
Readings[edit]
- Goon: かい (kai)
- Kan’on: かい (kai)
- Tōon: はい (hai)
- Kan’yōon: はい (hai)
- Kun: うみ (umi), わた (wata), わだ (wada)
- Nanori: あ (a), あま (ama), うな (una), うん (un), え (e), か (ka), た (ta), ひろ (hiro), ひろし (hiroshi), ぶ (bu), まち (machi), まま (mama), み (mi), め (me), わたる (wataru)
Compounds[edit]
Compounds
|
Etymology 1[edit]
| Kanji in this term |
| 海 |
| うみ Grade: 2 |
| kun'yomi |
From Old Japanese.
May derive from a compound of う (u, stem indicating “ocean”; compare 魚 (uo, “fish”), 潮 (ushio, “salt water”)) + 水 (mi, “water”).
Pronunciation[edit]
Noun[edit]
Usage notes[edit]
This is the most common general term in modern Japanese for sea or ocean.
Derived terms[edit]
Derived terms
|
Etymology 2[edit]
| Kanji in this term |
| 海 |
| わた Grade: 2 |
| kun'yomi |
From Old Japanese.
May be related to Goguryeo 波旦 (padan). Possibly cognate with Korean 바다 (bada, “ocean, sea”).
Pronunciation[edit]
Noun[edit]
Derived terms[edit]
Etymology 3[edit]
| Kanji in this term |
| 海 |
| み Grade: 2 |
| kun'yomi |
Either cognate with 水 (mi, “water”), or an abbreviation of umi above.
Pronunciation[edit]
Noun[edit]
Derived terms[edit]
Derived terms
|
References[edit]
- ^ 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, ISBN 4-385-13905-9
- ^ 1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, ISBN 978-4-14-011112-3
-
- 1988, 国語大辞典（新装版） (Kokugo Dai Jiten, Revised Edition) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan
Korean[edit]
Hanja[edit]
海 (hae) (hangeul 해, revised hae, McCune-Reischauer hae, Yale hay)
- This entry needs a definition. Please add one, then remove
{{defn}}.
Compounds[edit]
Mulam[edit]
Noun[edit]
海 (hai3)
Vietnamese[edit]
Han character[edit]
- This entry needs a definition. Please add one, then remove
{{defn}}.
Categories:
- Han phono-semantic compounds
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- Chinese lemmas
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- Japanese kanji read as かい
- Japanese kanji read as はい
- Japanese terms spelled with 海 read as うみ
- Japanese terms read with kun'yomi
- Japanese terms derived from Old Japanese
- Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation
- Japanese lemmas
- Japanese nouns
- Japanese terms spelled with second grade kanji
- Japanese terms written with one Han script character
- Japanese terms spelled with 海
- Japanese terms spelled with 海 read as わた
- Japanese terms with obsolete senses
- Japanese terms spelled with 海 read as み
- 1000 Japanese basic words
- Korean lemmas
- Korean Han characters
- Mulam lemmas
- Mulam nouns
- Vietnamese lemmas
- Vietnamese Han characters
