準

See also: 准 and 凖

Translingual

Etymology

Phono-semantic compound (形聲): semantic 水 (“water”) + phonetic 隼

Original meaning was "water level."

Han character

準 (radical 85 水+10, 13 strokes, cangjie input 水土十 (EGJ), four-corner 3040₁, composition ⿱淮十)

1. rule, guideline, standard
2. rank next to, follow
3. (prefix) quasi-, pene-, para-, sub-, semi-, demi-

References

• KangXi: page 639, character 24
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 17934
• Dae Jaweon: page 1046, character 15
• Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 3, page 1700, character 5
• Unihan data for U+6E96

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Chinese

		-
trad.		準
simp.		准

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): zhǔn (zhun³)

  (Zhuyin): ㄓㄨㄣˇ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): zeon², zyut³
• Hakka (Pha̍k-fa-sṳ): chún
• Min Nan (POJ): chún

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese, Beijing)⁺
    • Pinyin: zhǔn
    • Zhuyin: ㄓㄨㄣˇ
    • Wade-Giles: chun³
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: joen
    • IPA ^(key): /ʈ͡ʂu̯ən²¹⁴/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
    • Jyutping: zeon², zyut³
    • Yale: jéun, jyut
    • Cantonese Pinyin: dzoen², dzyt⁸
    • IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕɵn³⁵/, /t͡ɕyːt̚³/
• Hakka
  • Romanisations:
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chún
    • IPA (Siyen, incl. Miaoli): /t͡sun³¹/
• Min Nan
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chún
    • Tâi-lô: tsún
    • IPA (Taipei): /t͡sun⁴¹/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡sun⁵³/

Middle Chinese pronunciation (準, reconstructed)
Character (準), Pronunciation 1/2
Initial: 章 (23) Final: 諄 Division: III			Openness: Closed Tone: Rising (X)			Fanqie: 之尹切
Zhengzhang Shangfang	Bernard Karlgren	Li Rong	Pan Wuyun	Edwin Pulleyblank	Wang Li	Shao Rongfen
/t͡ɕiuɪnX/	/t͡ɕi̯uĕnX/	/t͡ɕiuĕnX/	/t͡ɕʷinX/	/cwinX/	/t͡ɕĭuĕnX/	/t͡ɕjuenX/
Character (準), Pronunciation 2/2
Initial: 章 (23) Final: 薛 Division: III			Openness: Closed Tone: Checked (Ø)			Fanqie: 職悅切
Zhengzhang Shangfang	Bernard Karlgren	Li Rong	Pan Wuyun	Edwin Pulleyblank	Wang Li	Shao Rongfen
/t͡ɕiuᴇt̚/	/t͡ɕi̯wɛt̚/	/t͡ɕiuɛt̚/	/t͡ɕʷiɛt̚/	/cwiat̚/	/t͡ɕĭuɛt̚/	/t͡ɕjuæt̚/

Old Chinese pronunciation (準, reconstructed)
Baxter-Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character								Modern Beijing (Pinyin)								Middle Chinese								Old Chinese								English
準								zhǔn								‹ tsywinX ›								/*turʔ/								water-level
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter-Sagart system: Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character					No.					Phonetic component					Rime group					Rime subdivision					Corresponding MC rime					Old Chinese					Notes
準					12189					隼					眞					1					準					/*qʷjinʔ/
準					12190					隼					月					2					拙					/*qʷjed/					通出頁見漢書

Definitions

準

1. standard; criterion; norm
   • 標準／标准 ("standard, norm")
   • 準則／准则 ("standard, norm")
   • 基準／基准 ("norm, reference frame")

Adjective

準

1. accurate; exact

   • 這塊手錶很準。 [MSC, trad.]

     这块手錶很准。 [MSC, simp.]

     Zhè kuài shǒubiǎo hěn zhǔn. [Pinyin]

     This watch keeps correct time.

   • 他的槍法真準，一個移動靶都沒有漏射。 [MSC, trad.]

     他的枪法真准，一个移动靶都没有漏射。 [MSC, simp.]

     Tā de qiāngfǎ zhēn zhǔn, yī ge yídòng bǎ dōu méi yǒu lòu shè. [Pinyin]

     He is good with a gun, he doesn't miss any moving target.

2. quasi-; pene-; para-

Adverb

準

1. certainly; surely

   • 那準不對。 [MSC, trad.]

     那准不对。 [MSC, simp.]

     Nà zhǔn bù duì. [Pinyin]

     That is definitely wrong.

   • 他準是開玩笑,要不就是瘋了。 [MSC, trad.]

     他准是开玩笑,要不就是疯了。 [MSC, simp.]

     Tā zhǔn shì kāiwánxiào, yàobù jiù shì fēng le. [Pinyin]

     He must be joking or else he's mad.

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Japanese

Kanji

準

(grade 5 “Kyōiku” kanji)

1. This entry needs a definition. Please add one, then remove {{defn}}.

Readings

• Goon: しゅん (shun), せち (sechi)
• Kan’on: しゅん (shun), せつ (setsu)
• Kan’yōon: じゅん (jun)
• Kun: ひとしい (hitoshii), みずもり (mizumori), のり (nori)

Proper noun

準 (hiragana ひとし, romaji Hitoshi)

1. A male given name

Compounds

• 準備 (じゅんび) (junbi, “preparations”)
• 水準 (すいじゅん) (suijun, “level”)
• 標準 (ひょうじゅん) (hyōjun, “standard”)
• 基準 (きじゅん) (kijun, “basis”)

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Korean

Hanja

準 (jun, jeol) (hangeul 준, 절, revised jun, jeol, McCune-Reischauer chun, chŏl, Yale cwun, cel)

1. This entry needs a definition. Please add one, then remove {{defn}}.

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Vietnamese

Han character

準 (chuẩn, choán, chốn, chủn, trúng, trốn)

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