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U+7164, 煤
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-7164

[U+7163]
CJK Unified Ideographs
[U+7165]

Translingual

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Han character

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(Kangxi radical 86, +9, 13 strokes, cangjie input 火廿一木 (FTMD), four-corner 94894, composition )

References

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  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 677, character 29
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 19220
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1088, character 13
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 2214, character 2
  • Unihan data for U+7164

Chinese

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trad.
simp. #
2nd round simp. 𭳿

Glyph origin

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Phono-semantic compound (形聲形声, OC *mɯː) : semantic (fire) + phonetic (OC *mɯʔ).

Etymology

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This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.
Particularly: “Related to , PST *mej?”

Sino-Tibetan. Schuessler (2007) proposes two possibilities:

  • Cognate with Proto-Lolo-Burmese *ʔ-mu² (soot; acrid (smoke)). If related, a merger of Minimal Old Chinese *ə with *o must have occurred.
  • Cognate with Mizo mang (maŋᴿ), man (manᴸ, sooty), Mizo mang (maŋᴴ, partially burnt wood).

(OC *mɯn) may be a derivation with -n nominal suffix. (OC *hmlɯːɡ, “black”) may be an allofam. Unrelated to (OC *hmɯːs, “dark”) according to Schuessler (2007).

Pronunciation

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Note: mei2 - found in 無煙煤.

Rime
Character
Reading # 1/1
Initial () (4)
Final () (42)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Closed
Division () I
Fanqie
Baxter mwoj
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/muʌi/
Pan
Wuyun
/muoi/
Shao
Rongfen
/muɒi/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/mwəj/
Li
Rong
/muᴀi/
Wang
Li
/muɒi/
Bernard
Karlgren
/muɑ̆i/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
méi
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex
mui4
BaxterSagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)
méi
Middle
Chinese
‹ mwoj ›
Old
Chinese
/*mˁə/
English soot; coal

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character
Reading # 1/1
No. 9278
Phonetic
component
Rime
group
Rime
subdivision
0
Corresponding
MC rime
Old
Chinese
/*mɯː/
Notes

Definitions

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  1. coal (Classifier: m c;  c)
  2. dust of smoke; soot
  3. ink

Synonyms

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Compounds

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Descendants

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  • Guiqiong: mɛi (coal)

References

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Japanese

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Kanji

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(Jinmeiyō kanji)

Readings

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  • Go-on: まい (mai) (me)
  • Kan-on: ばい (bai)
  • Kun: すす (susu, )

Etymology 1

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Kanji in this term
すす
Jinmeiyō
kun'yomi

From Old Japanese, first attested in the Kojiki (712 CE).

Possibly related to (sumi, cinder; charcoal).

Pronunciation

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Noun

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(すす) (susu

  1. soot (fine particles of amorphous carbon and tar)
  2. sooted dirt or dust accumulated in ceilings, walls, etc.
  3. Short for 煤色 (susuiro): a shade of black as in the color of soot
Derived terms
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Etymology 2

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Kanji in this term
ばい
Jinmeiyō
kan'on

From Middle Chinese (MC mwoj). Compare modern Min Nan reading bôe.

Affix

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(ばい) (bai

  1. soot
  2. coal
Derived terms
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References

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  1. 1.0 1.1 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  2. 2.0 2.1 NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN

Further reading

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Korean

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Hanja

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(eumhun 그을음 (geueureum mae))

  1. hanja form? of (soot)

Okinawan

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Kanji

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(Jinmeiyō kanji)

Readings

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Etymology

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Kanji in this term
しーし
Jinmeiyō
kun'yomi

Cognate with Japanese (susu).

Pronunciation

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Noun

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(しーし) (shīshi

  1. soot (fine particles of amorphous carbon and tar)

Old Japanese

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Etymology

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(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Noun

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(susu) (kana すす)

  1. soot (fine particles of amorphous carbon and tar)
    • 711–712, Kojiki, Kuni-yuzuri:
      ...登陀流天之新巢之凝烟訓凝姻云州須之八拳垂摩弖燒擧麻弖二字以音
      ...in Takama-nö-para the soot (凝姻 is read as susu) hangs down eight hands long (the two characters 摩弖 are pronounced made).[1]

Derived terms

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Descendants

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  • Japanese: (susu)

References

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  1. ^ Donald L. Philippi (2015) Kojiki (Princeton Legacy Library), Princeton University Press, →ISBN, page 136

Vietnamese

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Han character

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: Hán Nôm readings: môi, muồi, mai

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Yonaguni

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Kanji

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(Jinmeiyō kanji)

Readings

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Etymology

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Cognate with Japanese (susu).

Pronunciation

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Noun

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(ちち) (chichi

  1. soot (fine particles of amorphous carbon and tar)