父

See also: 乂

Translingual

Stroke order

Etymology

Pictogram (象形) – A hand holding a stone, refering to a man working with a stone axe.

Han character

父 (radical 88 父+0, 4 strokes, cangjie input 金大 (CK), four-corner 8040₀)

1. father
2. KangXi radical 88

See also

• 交

References

• KangXi: page 690, character 1
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 19721
• Dae Jaweon: page 1103, character 1
• Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 3, page 2039, character 1
• Unihan data for U+7236

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Chinese

		-
simp. and trad.		父

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): fù (fu⁴)

  (Zhuyin): ㄈㄨˋ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): fu², fu⁶
• Hakka (Pha̍k-fa-sṳ): fù
• Min Nan (POJ): hū / hú / pē

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese, Beijing)⁺
    • Pinyin: fù
    • Zhuyin: ㄈㄨˋ
    • Wade-Giles: fu⁴
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: fuh
    • IPA ^(key): /fu⁵¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
    • Jyutping: fu², fu⁶
    • Yale: fú, fuh
    • Cantonese Pinyin: fu², fu⁶
    • IPA ^(key): /fuː³⁵/, /fuː²²/
• Hakka
  • Romanisations:
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: fù
    • IPA (Siyen, incl. Miaoli): /fu¹¹/
• Min Nan
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hū / hú / pē
    • Tâi-lô: hū / hú / pē
    • IPA (Taipei): /hu³³/, /hu⁴¹/, /pe³³/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /hu²²/, /hu⁵³/, /pe²²/

Middle Chinese pronunciation (父, reconstructed)
Character (父), Pronunciation 1/2
Initial: 幫 (1) Final: 虞 Division: III			Openness: Closed Tone: Rising (X)			Fanqie: 方矩切
Zhengzhang Shangfang	Bernard Karlgren	Li Rong	Pan Wuyun	Edwin Pulleyblank	Wang Li	Shao Rongfen
/pɨoX/	/pi̯uX/	/pioX/	/pioX/	/puə̆X/	/pĭuX/	/pioX/
Character (父), Pronunciation 2/2
Initial: 並 (3) Final: 虞 Division: III			Openness: Closed Tone: Rising (X)			Fanqie: 扶雨切
Zhengzhang Shangfang	Bernard Karlgren	Li Rong	Pan Wuyun	Edwin Pulleyblank	Wang Li	Shao Rongfen
/bɨoX/	/bʱi̯uX/	/bioX/	/bioX/	/buə̆X/	/bĭuX/	/bioX/

Old Chinese pronunciation (父, reconstructed)
Baxter-Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character								Modern Beijing (Pinyin)								Middle Chinese								Old Chinese								English
父								fǔ								‹ pjuX ›								/*p(r)aʔ/								(respectful suffix in male names)
父								fù								‹ bjuX ›								/*[N-p](r)aʔ/								father
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter-Sagart system: Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character					No.					Phonetic component					Rime group					Rime subdivision					Corresponding MC rime					Old Chinese					Notes
父					3500					父					魚					0					甫					/*paʔ/
父					3504					父					魚					0					父					/*baʔ/

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Japanese

Kanji

父

(grade 2 “Kyōiku” kanji)

1. father

Readings

• Goon: ぶ (bu) (non-Jōyō reading), ふ (fu)
• Kan’on: ふ (fu)
• Kan’yōon: ほ (ho) (non-Jōyō reading)
• Kun: ちち (chichi)

Compounds

Compounds

父母 (ふぼ, fubo): both parents; one’s father and mother 教父 (きょうふ, kyōfu): a godfather

代父 (だいふ, daifu): a godfather

Derived terms

Derived terms

父ちゃん (とうちゃん, tōchan): (term of endearment) pop, dad

お父さん (おとうさん, otōsan): father

Antonyms

• 母

Etymology 1

Noun

父 (hiragana ちち, romaji chichi)

1. father
   • c. 759, Man'yōshū (book 20, poem #4402)

     知波夜布留 賀美乃美佐賀尓 奴佐麻都里 伊波布伊能知波 意毛知々我多米

   • 931-938, Wamyō Ruijushō (book 1 page 115)

     父爲考、和名知々、日本紀私記云加曾

Etymology 2

From chichi. Eastern dialect.

Noun

父 (hiragana しし, romaji shishi)

1. father
   • c. 759, Man'yōshū (book 20, poem #4376)

     多妣由岐尓 由久等之良受弖 阿母志々尓 己等麻乎佐受弖 伊麻叙久夜之気

   • c. 759, Man'yōshū (book 20, poem #4378)

     都久比夜波 須具波由気等毛 阿母志々可 多麻乃須我多波 和須例西奈布母

Etymology 3

From chichi.

Noun

父 (hiragana てて, romaji tete)

1. father
   • 1603–1604, Nippo Jisho (page 649)

     Tete. l, chichi. テテ. まはは, チチ (てて. または, 父) 父親.

Etymology 4

From chichi.

Noun

父 (hiragana とと, romaji toto)

1. a childish term for one's father; daddy
   • 1603–1604, Nippo Jisho (page 670)

     Toto. トト (とと) 父. これは子どもの使う語である.

Etymology 5

/kaso2/: *[kasə] > [kaso].

Noun

父 (hiragana かそ, romaji kaso)

1. father
   • 931-938, Wamyō Ruijushō (book 1 page 115)

     父爲考、和名知々、日本紀私記云加曾

Etymology 6

From kaso. Medial -s- voices to /kazo/.

Noun

父 (hiragana かぞ, romaji kazo)

1. father

References

• 1980 [1603–1604], Tadao Doi, Hōyaku Nippo Jisho (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Iwanami Shoten, ISBN 4-0008-0021-3:
• 1968 May 2 [931-938], Shitagō Minamoto; Kyōto Daigaku Bungakubu Kokugogaku Kokubungaku Kenkyūshitu, Shohon Shūsei Wamyō Ruijushō: Honbunhen (in Japanese), Kyōto: Rinsen, ISBN 4-653-00507-9:

• 2003 [c. 759], Akihiro Satake; Hideo Yamada, Rikio Kudō, Masao Ōtani, Yoshiyuki Yamazaki, Shin Nihon Koten Bungaku Taikei 4: Man'yōshū 4 (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Iwanami Shoten, ISBN 4-00-240004-2:

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Korean

Hanja

父 (bu, bo)
Eumhun:

• Sound (hangeul): 부, 보 (revised: bu, bo, McCune-Reischauer: pu, po, Yale: pu, po)

• Name (hangeul): 아비, 자 (revised: abi, ja, McCune-Reischauer: abi, cha, Yale: api, ca)

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Vietnamese

Han character

父 (phụ, bố)

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