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U+7236, 父
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-7236

[U+7235]
CJK Unified Ideographs
[U+7237]
U+2F57, ⽗
KANGXI RADICAL FATHER

[U+2F56]
Kangxi Radicals
[U+2F58]
Commons:Category
Commons:Category
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Translingual[edit]

Traditional
Simplified
Japanese
Korean
Stroke order
4 strokes
Stroke order

Han character[edit]

(Kangxi radical 88, +0, 4 strokes, cangjie input 金大 (CK), four-corner 80400, composition (GHJTV) or 丿(K))

  1. Kangxi radical #88, .

Derived characters[edit]

References[edit]

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 690, character 1
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 19721
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1103, character 1
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 2039, character 1
  • Unihan data for U+7236

Further reading[edit]

Chinese[edit]

simp. and trad.
alternative forms 𠇑

Glyph origin[edit]

Historical forms of the character
Shang Western Zhou Warring States Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Chu slip and silk script Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts

Pictogram (象形) – A hand holding a stone, referring to a man working with a stone axe.

Etymology[edit]

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *p/ba (male; father).

Regular development from Middle Chinese would lead to the labiodental in Mandarin, but the colloquial word resisted the sound changes and is now written as (), with the () phonetic component added to it to indicate the unchanged bilabial initial.

Pronunciation 1[edit]


Note: hô - literary.
Note:
  • hu6 - literary;
  • bê6 - semantic (original character is ).
  • Wu
  • Xiang

  • Rime
    Character
    Reading # 2/2
    Initial () (3)
    Final () (24)
    Tone (調) Rising (X)
    Openness (開合) Closed
    Division () III
    Fanqie
    Baxter bjuX
    Reconstructions
    Zhengzhang
    Shangfang
    /bɨoX/
    Pan
    Wuyun
    /bioX/
    Shao
    Rongfen
    /bioX/
    Edwin
    Pulleyblank
    /buə̆X/
    Li
    Rong
    /bioX/
    Wang
    Li
    /bĭuX/
    Bernard
    Karlgren
    /bʱi̯uX/
    Expected
    Mandarin
    Reflex
    Expected
    Cantonese
    Reflex
    fu6
    BaxterSagart system 1.1 (2014)
    Character
    Reading # 2/2
    Modern
    Beijing
    (Pinyin)
    Middle
    Chinese
    ‹ bjuX ›
    Old
    Chinese
    /*[N-p](r)aʔ/
    English father

    Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

    * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
    * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
    * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
    * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

    * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
    Zhengzhang system (2003)
    Character
    Reading # 2/2
    No. 3504
    Phonetic
    component
    Rime
    group
    Rime
    subdivision
    0
    Corresponding
    MC rime
    Old
    Chinese
    /*baʔ/

    Definitions[edit]

    1. father
        ―  qīn  ―  (formal) father
        ―    ―  parents; father and mother
        ―    ―  father and son
        ―    ―  father and daughter
        ―  bèi  ―  one's father's generation
        ―  jiā  ―  (humble) my father
        ―  shēng  ―  biological father
        ―  yǎng  ―  adoptive father
        ―    ―  stepfather
        ―  tiān  ―  (Christianity) Heavenly Father
        ―  guó  ―  father of a nation; (specifically) Father of the Republic (Sun Yat-sen)
      雜交水稻杂交水稻  ―  zájiāo shuǐdào zhī   ―  (specifically) Father of Hybrid Rice (Yuan Longping)
      Antonym: ()
    2. Used to address a male elder member of a family.
        ―    ―  paternal grandfather (one's father's father)
        ―    ―  paternal uncle (father's elder brother)
        ―  shū  ―  paternal uncle (father's younger brother)
        ―  yuè  ―  father-in-law (wife's father)
        ―  jiù  ―  maternal uncle (mother's brother)
        ―    ―  maternal uncle (husband of mother's sister)
        ―    ―  paternal uncle (husband of father's sister)
      Antonym: ()
    Synonyms[edit]

    Pronunciation 2[edit]



    Rime
    Character
    Reading # 1/2
    Initial () (1)
    Final () (24)
    Tone (調) Rising (X)
    Openness (開合) Closed
    Division () III
    Fanqie
    Baxter pjuX
    Reconstructions
    Zhengzhang
    Shangfang
    /pɨoX/
    Pan
    Wuyun
    /pioX/
    Shao
    Rongfen
    /pioX/
    Edwin
    Pulleyblank
    /puə̆X/
    Li
    Rong
    /pioX/
    Wang
    Li
    /pĭuX/
    Bernard
    Karlgren
    /pi̯uX/
    Expected
    Mandarin
    Reflex
    Expected
    Cantonese
    Reflex
    fu2
    BaxterSagart system 1.1 (2014)
    Character
    Reading # 1/2
    Modern
    Beijing
    (Pinyin)
    Middle
    Chinese
    ‹ pjuX ›
    Old
    Chinese
    /*p(r)aʔ/
    English (respectful suffix in male names)

    Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

    * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
    * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
    * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
    * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

    * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
    Zhengzhang system (2003)
    Character
    Reading # 1/2
    No. 3500
    Phonetic
    component
    Rime
    group
    Rime
    subdivision
    0
    Corresponding
    MC rime
    Old
    Chinese
    /*paʔ/

    Definitions[edit]

    1. (literary, respectful) old man; elderly man
        ―    ―  old fisherman
        ―  tián  ―  old farmer
    2. (literary) Alternative form of (honorific suffix used after a man's name; courtesy name)
      梁甫山  ―  Liángshān (Liángfǔshān)  ―  Mount Liangfu (alternately, Mount Liangfu) (in Shandong, China)
    3. a surname

    Compounds[edit]

    References[edit]

    Japanese[edit]

    Shinjitai
    Kyūjitai
    父󠄁
    +&#xE0101;?
    (Adobe-Japan1)
    The displayed kanji may be different from the image due to your environment.
    See here for details.

    Kanji[edit]

    (grade 2 “Kyōiku” kanji)

    Readings[edit]

    Compounds[edit]

    Etymology 1[edit]

    Kanji in this term
    ちち
    Grade: 2
    kun’yomi

    From Old Japanese (titi), from Proto-Japonic *titi.

    Still in modern usage.

    Pronunciation[edit]

    Noun[edit]

    (ちち) (chichi

    1. father
      野比(のび)のび(すけ)は、(しゅ)(じん)(こう)のび()(ちち)
      Nobi Nobisuke wa, shujinkō Nobita no chichi.
      Nobi Nobisuke is the father of the protagonist Nobita.
      • 938, Minamoto no Shitagō, Wamyō Ruijushō, volume 1, page 115:
        (ちち) ()(こう)()(めい)()()()(ほん)()()()(いう)()()
        chichi sukō, wamei chichi, Nihon Ki Shiki iu kaso
        Father: considered in Japanese as chichi; in the Nihon Shoki Shiki it is pronounced kaso
    2. (by extension, figurative) a father figure (male initiator or founder of something)
      (きん)(だい)()(がく)(ちち)
      kindai igaku no chichi
      the father of modern medicine
    3. (Christianity) God, the Holy Father
    Usage notes[edit]
    • This term conveys neither positive nor negative connotations. However, using it to describe someone the speaker knows personally is often considered lacking respect, where more polite forms like (とう)さん (otōsan) are preferred.
    • This term is sometimes used in objective narrations, but for this purpose, (ちち)(おや) (chichioya) is more common.
    Antonyms[edit]
    Derived terms[edit]

    Etymology 2[edit]

    Kanji in this term
    ちち > てて
    Grade: 2
    irregular

    Appears in the Utsubo Monogatari of roughly 970 CE.[3]

    Glossed as “I[gualmente], chichi. Pay” (“same as chichi. Father”) in Nippo Jisho.[4]

    Shift from chichi.[3][5]

    Usage continued until at least the early 1700s.[3]

    Pronunciation[edit]

    Noun[edit]

    (てて) (tete

    1. (archaic) one's own father
    Derived terms[edit]

    Etymology 3[edit]

    Kanji in this term
    とと
    Grade: 2
    irregular

    Appears in the Nippo Jisho of 1603.[3]

    Originally a shift from chichi or tete in baby talk, used by children to refer to their own father.

    Still in modern usage.

    Pronunciation[edit]

    Noun[edit]

    (とと) (toto

    1. (childish) one's own father: daddy
      Coordinate term: (kaka)
    2. (by later extension) a husband, master of the house
    Derived terms[edit]

    Etymology 4[edit]

    Kanji in this term
    ちゃん
    Grade: 2
    irregular
    Alternative spelling

    /totosan//totːɕan//t͡ɕan/

    Likely a contraction of 父さん (toto-san).

    Pronunciation[edit]

    Noun[edit]

    (ちゃん) (chan

    1. (informal, possibly dialect) one's own father [from Edo to early-Meiji period]
    2. (by later extension) the head or master of an establishment such as a teahouse, boathouse, etc.

    Etymology 5[edit]

    Kanji in this term

    Grade: 2
    goon

    The “father” and “uncle” affixes is from Middle Chinese (MC bjuX).

    The “old man” affix is from Middle Chinese (MC pjuX).

    Pronunciation[edit]

    Affix[edit]

    () (fu

    1. father
    2. father figure
    3. uncle
    4. old man, elderly man
    Derived terms[edit]

    Etymology 6[edit]

    Kanji in this term

    Grade: 2
    kan’yōon

    From a corruption of Middle Chinese (MC pjuX).

    Pronunciation[edit]

    Affix[edit]

    () (ho

    1. (honorific) old man
    Derived terms[edit]

    Etymology 7[edit]

    Kanji in this term
    かそ
    Grade: 2
    irregular

    ⟨kaso2 → */kasə//kaso//kazo/

    From Old Japanese. Appears in the Nihon Shoki of 720 CE as unvoiced kaso.[1][3] Further derivation unknown.[3]

    May have fallen out of use by 1603, when neither kaso nor kazo are found in the Nippo Jisho. Kaso would be here as the sixth entry from the bottom on the left, and kazo would be here as the eighth from the bottom on the right.

    Pronunciation[edit]

    Noun[edit]

    (かぞ) (kazo

    1. (obsolete) one's own father
      • 938, Minamoto no Shitagō, Wamyō Ruijushō, volume 1, page 115:
        (ちち) ()(こう)()(めい)()()()(ほん)()()()(いう)()()
        chichi sukō, wamei chichi, Nihon Ki Shiki iu kaso
        Father: considered in Japanese as chichi; in the Nihon Shoki Shiki it is pronounced kaso
    Derived terms[edit]

    References[edit]

    1. 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006) 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
    2. 2.0 2.1 NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998) NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK Publishing, →ISBN
    3. 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 1988, 国語大辞典(新装版) (Kokugo Dai Jiten, Revised Edition) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan
    4. ^ “Tete”, in Nippo Jisho, 1604, page 256
    5. ^ Matsumura, Akira (1995) 大辞泉 [Daijisen] (in Japanese), First edition, Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
    6. ^ Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997) 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

    Korean[edit]

    Etymology 1[edit]

    From Middle Chinese (MC bjuX, “father”).

    Historical readings

    Pronunciation[edit]

    Hanja[edit]

    Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

    Wikisource

    (eumhun 아비 (abi bu))

    1. Hanja form? of (father).
    2. Hanja form? of (elderly male relative).
    Compounds[edit]

    Etymology 2[edit]

    From Middle Chinese (MC pjuX, “old man; elderly man”).

    Historical readings

    Pronunciation[edit]

    Hanja[edit]

    (eumhun 사내 (sanae bo))

    1. (literary) Hanja form? of (respectful term for an elderly man).
      Synonym: ( (bo))
    Compounds[edit]

    References[edit]

    • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전/電子字典. [2]

    Old Japanese[edit]

    Etymology 1[edit]

    Reduplication of ti below.[1]

    Noun[edit]

    (titi) (kana ちち)

    1. one's own father
      Coordinate term: (omo, papa)
      • c. 759, Man’yōshū, book 13, poem 3312:
        , text here
        ...奥床仁母者睡有外床丹者寐有...
        ...okuto2ko2 ni papa pa inetari to1do2ko2 ni titi pa inetari...
        (please add an English translation of this usage example)
    Derived terms[edit]
    Descendants[edit]
    • Japanese: (chichi, tete, toto)

    Etymology 2[edit]

    Eastern dialect of titi above.

    Noun[edit]

    (sisi) (kana しし)

    1. (regional, Northern Eastern Old Japanese) one's own father
      Antonym: (amo)
    Derived terms[edit]

    Etymology 3[edit]

    From Proto-Japonic *ti.

    Noun[edit]

    (ti) (kana )

    1. (honorific) a term of respect for males
      • 711–712, Kojiki, (poem 48):
        加志能布邇余久須袁都久理余久須邇迦美斯意富美岐宇麻良爾岐許志母知袁勢麻呂賀
        kasi no2 pu ni yo2kusu wo tukuri yo2kusu ni kami1si opomi1ki1 umara ni ki1ko2simo2tiwose maro2 ga ti
        (please add an English translation of this usage example)
        Note: Poem 39 of the Nihon Shoki is similar to this but replaces 迦美斯 (kami1si) with 伽綿蘆 (kame1ru).
    Derived terms[edit]

    Etymology 4[edit]

    Unknown.[2]

    Noun[edit]

    (kaso2) (kana かそ)

    1. one's own father
      Antonym: (iro2pa)
      • 720, Nihon Shoki, (Emperor Ninken, entry 11: sixth year, ninth month in autumn):
        菱城邑人鹿父〈鹿父、人名也。俗、呼父為柯曾〉聞而向前曰「何哭之哀甚、若此乎」。
        A man of Pisikï village, Kakasö (his name is Kakasö; it was customary to call one's father kasö) heard [the woman's] cries, turned to her, and asked, “Why these cries of grief, young one?”
    Descendants[edit]
    • Japanese: (kazo)

    References[edit]

    1. ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006) 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
    2. ^ 1988, 国語大辞典(新装版) (Kokugo Dai Jiten, Revised Edition) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan

    Vietnamese[edit]

    Han character[edit]

    : Hán Việt readings: phụ ((phù)()(thiết))[1][2][3][4]
    : Nôm readings: phụ[1][3][5], phủ[1]

    Affix[edit]

     (phụ)

    1. chữ Hán form of phụ (father).
    2. chữ Hán form of phụ (elderly male relative).

    Derived terms[edit]

    References[edit]