犬

Definition from Wiktionary, the free dictionary
Jump to: navigation, search
See also: 大 and 太

Translingual[edit]

Stroke order
犬-order.gif

Alternative forms[edit]

  • 犭 (when used as a left Chinese radical)

Although the alternative form clearly shows only three strokes, it is still counted as four strokes when using a Chinese dictionary. Compare 氵 from 水 (“water”), 扌 from 手 (“hand”), and 忄 from 心 (“heart”), all of which are a 3-stroke form from a 4-stroke character.

Etymology[edit]

Pictogram (象形) – the dot is the ear. In the form 犭, a dog that is up on its hind legs.

The character is considered a rather abstract rendition – Confucius is alleged to have said “The ancients must have had very strange-looking dogs” (500 BCE).[1]

犬 犬 犬 犬
Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Large seal script Small seal script

Han character[edit]

Commons-logo.svg
See images of
Radical 94 犬

犬 (radical 94 犬+0, 4 strokes, cangjie input 戈大 (IK), four-corner 43030, composition ⿻大丶)

  1. radical number 94

Usage notes[edit]

犬 is the 94th radical in the Chinese dictionary. Compound characters such as 狇 mostly use the alternative form at the left of the character. Most represent something to do with dogs or other animals. A smaller proportion (e. g. 狀) use the primary form at the right of the character. A few even show both forms: in 獄 which means "prison" or "litigation"; "words" (言) stand between two dogs to keep them from biting each other.

Derived characters[edit]

References[edit]

  • KangXi: page 705, character 27
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 20234
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1118, character 14
  • Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 2, page 1331, character 1
  • Unihan data for U+72AC

Usage notes[edit]

  1. ^ Richard Sears, "Chinese Etymology: Why Study Chinese Etymology", URL accessed on 2015-03-20.

Chinese[edit]

-
simp. and trad.
 犬

Etymology[edit]

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *d-kʷəj-n. This common Sino-Tibetan word has been replaced by 狗 in most dialects except a few Min dialects, such as Fuzhou dialect (BUC): 犬 /kēng/. In other dialects, this word is mainly found in compounds and not used alone.

Pronunciation[edit]

Middle Chinese pronunciation (犬, reconstructed)
Character (犬), Pronunciation 1/1

Initial: 溪 (29)
Final: 先
Division: IV

Openness: Closed
Tone: Rising (X)

 Fanqie: 苦泫切
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 Bernard
Karlgren		 Li
Rong		 Pan
Wuyun		 Edwin
Pulleyblank		 Wang
Li		 Shao
Rongfen
/kʰwenX/ /kʰiwenX/ /kʰuenX/ /kʰʷenX/ /kʰwɛnX/ /kʰiwenX/ /kʰuɛnX/
Old Chinese pronunciation (犬, reconstructed)
Baxter-Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character Modern Beijing
(Pinyin)		 Middle Chinese Old Chinese English
犬 quǎn ‹ khwenX › /*[k]ʷʰˤ[e][n]ʔ/ dog

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter-Sagart system:

  • Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
  • Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
  • Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
  • Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;
  • Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character No. Phonetic
component		 Rime
group		 Rime
subdivision		 Corresponding
MC rime		 Old Chinese Notes
犬 10736 犬 元 2 犬 /*kʰʷeːnʔ/

Noun[edit]

A dog (a Labrador)

犬

  1. (archaic, Min Dong, dialectal Wu) dog

Derived terms[edit]

Derived terms

Synonyms[edit]

  • 狗 (gǒu) (more common)

Descendants[edit]

Sino-Xenic (犬):

Japanese[edit]

Kanji[edit]

See also:
犬

(grade 1 “Kyōiku” kanji)

  1. a dog
  2. the dog radical (いぬ)

Readings[edit]

See also[edit]

Compounds[edit]

Compounds

Etymology[edit]

Kanji in this term
犬
いぬ
Grade: 1
kun'yomi

From Old Japanese. Derivation uncertain. Various theories exist, including derivation from ancient verb 往ぬ (inu, “to leave, to be gone”), from the way a dog will guard the house while the master is away; from a compound of 家 (ie, “house, home”) + 寝 (nu, “to sleep”, ancient monosyllabic form of modern 寝る (neru)); from ancient Japanese 狗 (enu, “puppy, dog”), itself of uncertain derivation; or as a borrowing from some other unknown language.

Pronunciation[edit]

Noun[edit]

犬 (counter 匹, hiragana いぬ, katakana イヌ, romaji inu)

  1. a dog; canine
    犬 (いぬ)に毎日餌 (まいにちえさ)を上 (あ)げて下 (くだ)さい。
    Inu ni mainichi esa o agete kudasai.
    Please feed the dog every day.
  2. one who is loyal (like a dog)
  3. a spy

Alternative forms[edit]

Korean[edit]

Hanja[edit]

犬 (gyeon)
Eumhun:

  • Sound (hangeul): 견 (revised: gyeon, McCune-Reischauer: kyŏn, Yale: kyen)
  • Name (hangeul): 개 견()
  1. dog

Synonyms[edit]

Derived terms[edit]

Miyako[edit]

Kanji[edit]

犬 (hiragana いん, romaji in)

Etymology[edit]

Cognate with Old Japanese 犬 (inu).

Noun[edit]

犬 (hiragana いん, romaji in)

  1. dog

Northern Amami-Oshima[edit]

Kanji[edit]

犬 (hiragana いん, romaji in)

Etymology[edit]

Cognate with Old Japanese 犬 (inu).

Noun[edit]

犬 (hiragana いん, romaji in)

  1. dog

Okinawan[edit]

Kanji[edit]

犬 (hiragana いん, romaji in)

Etymology[edit]

Cognate with Old Japanese 犬 (inu).

Noun[edit]

犬 (hiragana いん, romaji in)

  1. dog

Compounds[edit]

Southern Amami-Oshima[edit]

Kanji[edit]

犬 (hiragana いん, romaji in)

Etymology[edit]

Cognate with Old Japanese 犬 (inu).

Noun[edit]

犬 (hiragana いん, romaji in)

  1. dog

Vietnamese[edit]

Han character[edit]

犬 (khuyển, chó, Thái)

  1. This entry needs a definition. Please add one, then remove {{defn}}.
Retrieved from "http://en.wiktionary.org/w/index.php?title=犬&oldid=32403584"