狼

See also: 狠

Translingual

Etymology

Phono-semantic compound (形聲): semantic 犭 + phonetic 良

Han character

狼 (radical 94 犬+7, 10 strokes, cangjie input 大竹戈日女 (KHIAV), four-corner 4323₂, composition ⿰犭良)

1. wolf

References

• KangXi: page 712, character 2
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 20432
• Dae Jaweon: page 1124, character 3
• Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 2, page 1350, character 7
• Unihan data for U+72FC

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Chinese

		-
simp. and trad.		狼

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): láng, hǎng, lǎng, làng (lang², hang³, lang³, lang⁴)

  (Zhuyin): ㄌㄤˊ, ㄏㄤˇ, ㄌㄤˇ, ㄌㄤˋ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): long⁴
• Min Nan (POJ): lông

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese, Beijing)⁺
    • Pinyin: láng
    • Zhuyin: ㄌㄤˊ
    • Wade-Giles: lang²
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: lang
    • IPA ^(key): /lɑŋ³⁵/

    • (file)

      
      
      
  • (Standard Chinese, Beijing)⁺
    • Pinyin: hǎng
    • Zhuyin: ㄏㄤˇ
    • Wade-Giles: hang³
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: haang
    • IPA ^(key): /xɑŋ²¹⁴/
      
      
  • (Standard Chinese, Beijing)⁺
    • Pinyin: lǎng
    • Zhuyin: ㄌㄤˇ
    • Wade-Giles: lang³
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: laang
    • IPA ^(key): /lɑŋ²¹⁴/
      
      
  • (Standard Chinese, Beijing)⁺
    • Pinyin: làng
    • Zhuyin: ㄌㄤˋ
    • Wade-Giles: lang⁴
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: lanq
    • IPA ^(key): /lɑŋ⁵¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
    • Jyutping: long⁴
    • Yale: lòhng
    • Cantonese Pinyin: long⁴
    • IPA ^(key): /lɔːŋ²¹/
• Min Nan
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: lông
    • Tâi-lô: lông
    • IPA (Taipei): /lɔŋ²³/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /lɔŋ¹³/

Middle Chinese pronunciation (狼, reconstructed)
Character (狼), Pronunciation 1/1
Initial: 來 (37) Final: 唐 Division: I			Openness: Open Tone: Level (Ø)			Fanqie: 魯當切
Zhengzhang Shangfang	Bernard Karlgren	Li Rong	Pan Wuyun	Edwin Pulleyblank	Wang Li	Shao Rongfen
/lɑŋ/	/lɑŋ/	/lɑŋ/	/lɑŋ/	/laŋ/	/lɑŋ/	/lɑŋ/

Old Chinese pronunciation (狼, reconstructed)
Baxter-Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character								Modern Beijing (Pinyin)								Middle Chinese								Old Chinese								English
狼								láng								‹ lang ›								/*[r]ˤaŋ/								wolf
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter-Sagart system: Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character					No.					Phonetic component					Rime group					Rime subdivision					Corresponding MC rime					Old Chinese					Notes
狼					8019					良					陽					0					郎					/*raːŋ/					甲文作𤜪

Noun

狼 (classifier 匹, 只／隻, 条／條)

1. wolf

Compounds

• 狼人 (lángrén): a werewolf
• 狼吞虎咽

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Japanese

Kanji

狼

(“Jinmeiyō” kanji used for names)

1. wolf

Readings

• Goon: ろう (rō)
• Kan’on: ろう (rō)
• Kun: おおかみ (ōkami)

Compounds

Compounds

On'yomi: 狼咽 (ろういん) (rōin): cleft palate 狼烟 (ろうえん) (rōen): a signal fire 狼煙 (ろうえん) (rōen): a signal fire 狼火 (ろうか) (rōka): a signal fire 狼牙棒 (ろうげぼう) (rōgebō): a wolf's teeth mace 狼子野心 (ろうしやしん) (rōshiyashin): untamed 狼藉日 (ろうじゃくにち) (rōjakunichi): in the Onmyōdō religion, a day when everything is evil 狼燧 (ろうすい) (rōsui): a signal fire 狼星 (ろうせい) (rōsei): Sirius, the Dog Star 狼藉 (ろうぜき) (rōzeki): disorderly; violent; savage 狼藉者 (ろうぜきもの) (rōzekimono): a ruffian 狼瘡 (ろうそう) (rōsō): (pathology) lupus 狼毒 (ろうどく) (rōdoku): Japanese wolfsbane, a poisonous perennial of the family Thymelaeaceae 狼狽 (ろうばい) (rōbai): panic, confusion 狼戻 (ろうれい) (rōrei): disorderly; violent; savage Kun'yomi: 狼男 (おおかみおとこ) (ōkami otoko): a wolfman, a werewolf 狼座 (おおかみざ) (ōkamiza): the Lupus constellation 狼人間 (おおかみにんげん) (ōkami ningen): a werewolf 狼弾 (おおかみはじき) (ōkami hajiki): 狼者 (おおかみもの) (ōkamimono): a brazen, impudent, or cunning person Irregular: 狼狽眼 (うろたえまなこ) (urotaemanako): surprised or panicked eyes 狼狽者 (うろたえもの) (urotaemono): an easily confused person 狼牙 (みつもとそう) (mitsumotosō): a type of cinquefoil, sp. Potentilla cryptotaeniae 狼煙守 (のろしまもり) (noroshimamori): a signal fire keeper or tender

Etymology 1

/opokami/ → /oɸokami/ → /owokami/ → /oːkami/

From Old Japanese. Originally a compound of 大 (opo, modern ō, “great”) +‎ 神 (kami, “god, spirit”).

Pronunciation

• Kun'yomi
• (Tokyo) お​おかみ [óꜜòkàmì] (Atamadaka - [1])
• IPA^(key): [o̞ːka̠mi]

Noun

狼 (counter 匹, hiragana おおかみ, romaji ōkami, historical hiragana おほかみ)

1. wolf; Canis lupus
   • 794, Shin'yaku Kegonkyō Ongi Shiki

     狐狼 上扈反, 倭言岐都禰, 又狐諼獸鬼所乘有三徳, 狐疑不定也, 狼音良, 訓, 似犬也, 倭言大神也

   • 931-938, Wamyō Ruijushō (book 7 page 56)

     犲狼 [...] 説文云、狼、音郎、於保加美、和名二字、本草和名、犲皮、和名於保加美、雄略紀、豺狼二字同訓、貝原氏曰、狼、於保加美 [...]

   • 931-938, Wamyō Ruijushō (book 18 page 17) (Shinpukuji manuscript)

     犲狼: 兼名苑云狼一名犲音於説文云狼音即和名於保加美似犬而銃頭白頬者也爾雅注云獥音叫狼子也

   • c. 1177-1188: Iroha Jiruishō

     狼（オホカミ）

   • 1444: Kagakushū (Volume 13)

     狼（ヲヽカミ）

Etymology 2

Alteration from ōkami above. Appears in the Kamakura period.

Pronunciation

• Kun'yomi
• IPA^(key): [o̞ːka̠me̞]

Noun

狼 (hiragana おおかめ, romaji ōkame, historical hiragana おほかめ)

1. wolf; Canis lupus
   • 1593: Esopono fabulas (Aesop's Fables), "Vôcameto, fitcujino tatoyeno coto"

     Aru cauabatani vôcamemo, fitcujimo mizzuuo nomuni, [...]

   • 1603–1604, Nippo Jisho (page 697)

     Vôcame. ヲゥカメ (狼) 狼.

   • 1632: Diego Collado, Dictionarium Sive Thesauri Linguae Iaponicae Compendium, p. 75

     Lupus, i: lobo: yàmàinu. vel, vocame:

References

• 1980 [1603–1604], Tadao Doi, Hōyaku Nippo Jisho (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Iwanami Shoten, ISBN 4-0008-0021-3:
• 1944 May 2 [1444], Takashi Kamei, Kagakushū: Gennabon (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Iwanami Shoten:
• 1968 May 2 [931-938], Shitagō Minamoto; Kyōto Daigaku Bungakubu Kokugogaku Kokubungaku Kenkyūshitu, Shohon Shūsei Wamyō Ruijushō: Honbunhen (in Japanese), Kyōto: Rinsen, ISBN 4-653-00507-9:

• 1971 [c. 1177-1188], Tachibana Tadakane; Atsuo Masamune (ed.), Iroha Jiruishō (in Japanese), Kazama Shobō:
• 1962 May 2, Rizō Takeuchi, Nara Ibun: Volume 3 (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Tōkyōdō Shuppan, ISBN 4-4903-0010-7:

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Korean

Hanja

狼 (rang, nang)
Eumhun:

• Sound (hangeul): 랑, 낭 (revised: rang, nang, McCune-Reischauer: rang, nang, Yale: lang, nang)

• Name (hangeul): 이리()

1. (이리 랑, iri-): wolf

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Vietnamese

Han character

狼 (lang, lừa)

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