琴

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琴 U+7434, 琴
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-7434
← 琳
[U+7433] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 琵 →
[U+7435]

Translingual[edit]

Han character[edit]

琴 (Kangxi radical 96, 玉+8, 12 strokes, cangjie input 一土人戈弓 (MGOIN), four-corner 11207, composition ⿱玨今)

Derived characters[edit]

References[edit]

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 735, character 11
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 21079
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1147, character 8
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1119, character 7
  • Unihan data for U+7434

Chinese[edit]

trad. 琴
simp. # 琴
alternative forms
 
珡 ancient
𤦡
𤩟
琹
𨨖
珡 ancient
𤦡
𤩟
琹
𨨖
𨪖
𩰔
䦦
𤫍
𨫹
䥅
䥆
𤫒

Glyph origin[edit]

Historical forms of the character 琴
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Small seal script
Characters in the same phonetic series (今) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
貪 *kʰl'uːm
嗿 *l̥ʰuːmʔ
僋 *l̥ʰuːms, *luːms
酓 *qʰɯːm, *qlamʔ, *qlɯːms
馠 *qʰɯːm
谽 *qʰɯːm
唅 *qʰɯːm, *ɡɯːms
含 *ɡɯːm
肣 *ɡɯːm, *ɡɯːmʔ
頷 *ɡɯːm, *ɡɯːmʔ
筨 *ɡɯːm
梒 *ɡɯːm
鋡 *ɡɯːm
莟 *ɡɯːmʔ, *ɡɯːms
琀 *ɡɯːms
浛 *ɡɯːms
盦 *qɯːm, *qaːb
韽 *qɯːm, *qrɯːms
玪 *krɯːm
妗 *qʰrɯːm, *kʰjam, *qʰlɯːm, *ɡrɯms
欦 *qʰrɯːmʔ, *qʰram, *kʰlam, *kʰlamʔ, *qʰlɯːm
黔 *ɡram, *ɡrɯm
鈐 *ɡram
鳹 *ɡram
雂 *ɡram, *ɡrɯm
念 *nɯːms
梣 *sɡɯm, *sɡrɯm
枔 *sɢrɯm
岑 *sɡrɯm
笒 *sɡrɯm, *ɡrɯms
涔 *sɡrɯm
侺 *ɡjɯms
今 *krɯm
黅 *krɯm
衿 *krɯm
衾 *kʰrɯm
坅 *kʰrɯmʔ
搇 *kʰrɯms
琴 *ɡrɯm
禽 *ɡrɯm
芩 *ɡrɯm
庈 *ɡrɯm
耹 *ɡrɯm
靲 *ɡrɯm
擒 *ɡrɯm
檎 *ɡrɯm
紟 *ɡrɯms
吟 *ŋɡrɯm, *ŋɡrɯms
訡 *ŋɡrɯm
廞 *qʰrɯm, *qʰrɯmʔ
陰 *qrɯm
霠
飲 *qrɯmʔ, *qrɯms
蔭 *qrɯms
廕 *qrɯms
矜 *ɡrɯn, *ɡɯn, *kɯŋ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡrɯm) : semantic 珡 + phonetic 今 (OC *krɯm).

Etymology 1[edit]

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation[edit]

Rime
Character 琴
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 群 (30)
Final (韻) 侵 (140)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 巨金切
Baxter gim
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/ɡˠiɪm/
Pan
Wuyun 		/ɡᵚim/
Shao
Rongfen 		/ɡiem/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/gjim/
Li
Rong 		/ɡjəm/
Wang
Li 		/ɡĭĕm/
Bernard
Karlgren 		/gi̯əm/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		qín
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		kam4
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 琴
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		qín
Middle
Chinese 		‹ gim ›
Old
Chinese 		/*[C.ɢ](r)[ə]m/
English lute

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 琴
Reading # 1/1
No. 6605
Phonetic
component 		今
Rime
group 		侵
Rime
subdivision 		1
Corresponding
MC rime 		琴
Old
Chinese 		/*ɡrɯm/

Definitions[edit]

琴

  1. (music) qin (“Chinese zithers”), referring to any of several traditional Chinese musical instruments, most famously the guqin
  2. (literary) to play the qin
  3. (music) collective name for certain musical instruments, usually of string or keyboard types, such as piano, organ, violin, cello, huqin, accordion, harmonica, etc.
    口琴  ―  kǒuqín  ―  harmonica
    風琴／风琴  ―  fēngqín  ―  organ
    馬頭琴／马头琴  ―  mǎtóuqín  ―  horsehead fiddle
  4. (music, specifically) piano (Classifier: 部 c)
    三角琴  ―  sānjiǎoqín  ―  grand piano
    練琴／练琴 [Cantonese]  ―  lin6 kam4 [Jyutping]  ―  to practise playing the piano
    我學過兩年琴。 [Cantonese, trad.]
    我学过两年琴。 [Cantonese, simp.]
    ngo5 hok6 gwo3 loeng5 nin4 kam4. [Jyutping]
    I learned to play the piano for two years.
Synonyms[edit]
  • (piano):
Dialectal synonyms of 鋼琴 (“piano”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 鋼琴
Mandarin Taiwan 鋼琴
Xi'an 鋼琴
Xining 鋼琴
Ürümqi 鋼琴
Chengdu 鋼琴
Xuzhou 鋼琴
Nanjing 鋼琴
Singapore 鋼琴
Cantonese Guangzhou 鋼琴
Hong Kong 鋼琴, 琴
Taishan 鋼琴
Dongguan 鋼琴
Hakka Meixian 鋼琴
Miaoli (N. Sixian) 鋼琴, 皮阿諾
Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) 鋼琴
Pingtung (Wuluo, Ligang; S. Sixian) 鋼琴
Kaohsiung (Meinong; S. Sixian) 鋼琴
Kaohsiung (Shanlin; S. Sixian) 鋼琴
Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) 鋼琴, 皮阿諾
Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) 鋼琴, 皮阿諾
Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) 鋼琴, 皮阿諾
Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) 鋼琴, 皮阿諾
Jin Taiyuan 鋼琴
Northern Min Jian'ou 鋼琴
Eastern Min Fuzhou 鋼琴
Southern Min Xiamen 鋼琴
Quanzhou 鋼琴
Zhangzhou 鋼琴
Tainan 鋼琴
Manila (Hokkien) 鋼琴, 琴
Haikou 鋼琴
Zhongshan Min Shaxi (Longdu) 鋼琴
Wu Shanghai 鋼琴, 披耶挪
Hangzhou 鋼琴
Ningbo 鋼琴
Xiang Changsha 鋼琴
Descendants[edit]
  • → Burmese: ခင် (hkang)
  • → English: qin
  • → Thai: ขิม (kǐm) (via Min Nan)

Compounds[edit]

Etymology 2[edit]

See 琴日.

Pronunciation[edit]

Definitions[edit]

琴

  1. (Cantonese) yesterday

Compounds[edit]

References[edit]

Japanese[edit]

Kanji[edit]

琴

(common “Jōyō” kanji)

Readings[edit]

Compounds[edit]

Compounds

Etymology 1[edit]

Kanji in this term
琴
こと
Grade: S
kun’yomi
Alternative spelling
箏 (Japanese zither)

⟨ko2to2⟩ → */kətə/ → /koto/

From Old Japanese, attested in the three major literature works of the Nara period: the Kojiki (712 CE), the Nihon Shoki (720 CE), and the Man'yōshū (c. 759 CE).[1]

Possibly derived from a compound of elements 木 (ko, “tree, wood”, combining form) +‎ 音 (oto, “sound”), with the additional medial o dropped by haplology.

Pronunciation[edit]

Noun[edit]

琴(こと) • (koto) 

  1. koto: a Japanese zither derived from the Chinese guzheng
  2. (colloquial) guzheng: a Chinese zither on which the koto was based [since after the Edo period]
    Synonym: 箏 (sō)
Derived terms[edit]
Derived terms

Proper noun[edit]

琴(こと) • (Koto) 

  1. a female given name
  2. a surname

Etymology 2[edit]

Kanji in this term
琴
きん
Grade: S
kan’on
Japanese Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia ja
English Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia

/kimʉ/ → /kiɴ/

From Middle Chinese 琴 (MC gim). The kan'on pronunciation, so likely a later borrowing.

Pronunciation[edit]

Noun[edit]

琴(きん) • (kin) 

  1. a guqin, qin (seven-stringed Chinese zither)
    Synonym: 古琴 (kokin)
Derived terms[edit]
Derived terms

Affix[edit]

琴(きん) • (kin) 

  1. guqin (ancient Chinese seven-stringed zither) or other related instruments
  2. any stringed or keyboard instrument
Derived terms[edit]
Derived terms

Proper noun[edit]

琴(きん) • (Kin) 

  1. a female given name
  2. a surname

See also[edit]

Etymology 3[edit]

Various nanori readings.

Proper noun[edit]

琴(くむ) • (Kumu) 

  1. a surname

琴(ぐん) • (Gun) 

  1. a surname

琴(ことえ) • (Kotoe) 

  1. a female given name

琴(ことざき) • (Kotozaki) 

  1. a surname

琴(ことみ) • (Kotomi) 

  1. a female given name

References[edit]

  1. ^
    c. 759, Man’yōshū, book 18, poem 1435:
    , text here
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

Korean[edit]

Etymology[edit]

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “Middle Korean readings, if any”)

Pronunciation[edit]

Hanja[edit]

Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

Wikisource

琴 (eumhun 거문고 금 (geomun'go geum))

  1. Hanja form? of 금 (“geomungo, a six-stringed Korean zither”).

Compounds[edit]

Vietnamese[edit]

Chữ Hán[edit]

琴: Hán Việt readings: cầm

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Derived terms[edit]

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