琴

See also: 琹 and 珡

Translingual

Etymology

Jade pendants with the phonetic jin below

Han character

琴 (radical 96 玉+8, 12 strokes, cangjie input 一土人戈弓 (MGOIN), four-corner 1120₇, composition ⿱玨今)

1. guqin (Chinese seven-stringed zither, historical and original usage)
2. piano (modern usage, most commonly used meaning)
3. zither
4. string instrument (can apply to zithers or lutes)
5. musical instrument (for example, 手风琴 [accordion])

References

• KangXi: page 735, character 11
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 21079
• Dae Jaweon: page 1147, character 8
• Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 2, page 1119, character 7
• Unihan data for U+7434

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Chinese

		-
simp. and trad.		琴

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): qín (qin²)

  (Zhuyin): ㄑㄧㄣˊ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): kam⁴
• Min Nan (POJ): khîm

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese, Beijing)⁺
    • Pinyin: qín
    • Zhuyin: ㄑㄧㄣˊ
    • Wade-Giles: ch'in²
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chyn
    • IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕʰin³⁵/

    • (file)

• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
    • Jyutping: kam⁴
    • Yale: kàhm
    • Cantonese Pinyin: kam⁴
    • IPA ^(key): /kʰɐm²¹/
• Min Nan
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khîm
    • Tâi-lô: khîm
    • IPA (Taipei): /kʰim²³/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /kʰim¹³/

Middle Chinese pronunciation (琴, reconstructed)
Character (琴), Pronunciation 1/1
Initial: 群 (30) Final: 侵 Division: III			Openness: Open Tone: Level (Ø)			Fanqie: 巨金切
Zhengzhang Shangfang	Bernard Karlgren	Li Rong	Pan Wuyun	Edwin Pulleyblank	Wang Li	Shao Rongfen
/ɡiɪm/	/gi̯əm/	/ɡiəm/	/ɡim/	/gim/	/ɡĭĕm/	/ɡjem/

Old Chinese pronunciation (琴, reconstructed)
Baxter-Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character								Modern Beijing (Pinyin)								Middle Chinese								Old Chinese								English
琴								qín								‹ gim ›								/*[C.ɢ](r)[ə]m/								lute
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter-Sagart system: Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character					No.					Phonetic component					Rime group					Rime subdivision					Corresponding MC rime					Old Chinese					Notes
琴					6605					今					侵					1					琴					/*ɡrɯm/

Noun

琴

1. zither
2. a stringed instrument

Derived terms

• 布祖基琴 (buzujiqin)
• 电子琴 (dianziqin)
• 独弦琴 (duxianqin)
• 风琴 (fengqin)
• 钢片琴 (gangpianqin)
• trad. 鋼琴, simpl. 钢琴 (gangqin)
• 古琴 (guqin)
• 胡琴 (huqin)
• 口琴 (kouqin)
• 雷琴 (leiqin)
• 六角琴 (liujiaoqin)
• 柳琴 (liuqin)
• 马林巴琴 (malinba qin)
• 梅花琴 (meihuaqin)
• 手风琴 (shoufengqin)
• 提琴 (tiqin)
• 奚琴 (xiqin)
• trad. 揚琴, simpl. 扬琴 (yangqin)
• 鐘琴 (zhongqin)
• 琴瑟
• trad. 琴絃, simpl. 琴弦

Descendants

• Burmese: ခင် (hkang) (borrowed)

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Japanese

Wikipedia

Noun

琴 (hiragana こと, romaji koto)

1. Japanese zither/harp; koto

Kanji

琴

(common “Jōyō” kanji)

Readings

• Goon: ごん (gon)
• Kan’on: きん (kin)
• Kun: こと (koto)

Compounds

• 琴線
• 琴柱
• 琴爪
• 琴曲
• 竪琴
• 大正琴
• 洋琴
• 木琴

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Korean

Hanja

琴 (geum) (hangeul 금, revised geum, McCune-Reischauer kŭm, Yale kum)

1. This entry needs a definition. Please add one, then remove {{defn}}.

Compounds

• 伽倻琴 (가야금, gayageum, kayagŭm)

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Vietnamese

Han character

琴 (cầm)

1. This entry needs a definition. Please add one, then remove {{defn}}.