由

See also: 田, 甲, and 申

Translingual

Han character

由 (radical 102 田+0, 5 strokes, cangjie input 中田 (LW), four-corner 5060₀, composition ⿻十囗)

1. cause, reason
2. from

Descendants

• ゆ
• ユ
• 柚

References

• KangXi: page 757, character 1
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 21724
• Dae Jaweon: page 1167, character 2
• Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 4, page 2524, character 2
• Unihan data for U+7531

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Chinese

		-
simp. and trad.		由

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): yóu (you²)

  (Zhuyin): ㄧㄡˊ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): jau⁴
• Hakka (Pha̍k-fa-sṳ): yû
• Min Nan (POJ): iû

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese, Beijing)⁺
    • Pinyin: yóu
    • Zhuyin: ㄧㄡˊ
    • Wade-Giles: yu²
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: you
    • IPA ^(key): /i̯oʊ̯³⁵/

    • (file)

• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
    • Jyutping: jau⁴
    • Yale: yàuh
    • Cantonese Pinyin: jau⁴
    • IPA ^(key): /jɐu̯²¹/
• Hakka
  • Romanisations:
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yû
    • Hagfa Pinyim: yiu2
• Min Nan
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: iû
    • Tâi-lô: iû
    • IPA (Taipei): /iu²³/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /iu¹³/

Middle Chinese pronunciation (由, reconstructed)
Character (由), Pronunciation 1/1
Initial: 以 (36) Final: 尤 Division: III			Openness: Open Tone: Level (Ø)			Fanqie: 以周切
Zhengzhang Shangfang	Bernard Karlgren	Li Rong	Pan Wuyun	Edwin Pulleyblank	Wang Li	Shao Rongfen
/jɨu/	/i̯ə̯u/	/iu/	/jiu/	/juw/	/jĭəu/	/iəu/

Old Chinese pronunciation (由, reconstructed)
Baxter-Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character								Modern Beijing (Pinyin)								Middle Chinese								Old Chinese								English
由								yóu								‹ yuw ›								/*l[u]/								follow; from
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter-Sagart system: Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character					No.					Phonetic component					Rime group					Rime subdivision					Corresponding MC rime					Old Chinese					Notes
由					15526					由					幽					2					猷					/*lɯw/

References

• (Hakka) Academia Sinica - Hakka-English Dictionary
• (Hakka) Lau, Chun-fat. Hakka Pinyin Dictionary (Chinese). Hong Kong: The Chinese University Press, 1997 (Chinese IME supplement) ISBN 962-201-750-9.
• (Min Nan) Taiwan Min Nan Common Words Dictionary (臺灣閩南語常用詞辭典)

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Japanese

Kanji

由

(grade 3 “Kyōiku” kanji)

1. This entry needs a definition. Please add one, then remove {{defn}}.

Readings

• Goon: ゆ (yu)
• Kan’on: ゆう (yū)
• Kan’yōon: ゆい (yui)
• Kun: よし (yoshi), よる (yoru), より (yori)

Compounds

• 自由 (じゆう, jiyū): freedom
• 自由度 (じゆうど, jiyūdo): flexibility

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Korean

Hanja

由 (yu) (hangeul 유, revised yu, McCune-Reischauer yu, Yale yu)

1. This entry needs a definition. Please add one, then remove {{defn}}.

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Vietnamese

Han character

由 (do, dô, ro, sân)

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