申

See also: 田, 甲, and 由

Translingual

Etymology

Originally a bolt of lightning, which devolved into its current form which resembles 由 ("Cause") or 甲 ("Armor").

Oracle bone script	Bronze inscriptions	Large seal script	Small seal script

Han character

申 (radical 102 田+0, 5 strokes, cangjie input 中田中 (LWL), four-corner 5000₆, composition ⿻十囗)

1. to state to a superior, report
2. to extend
3. ninth of twelve earthly branches (十二支): monkey (猴) of Chinese zodiac

Derived characters

• 伸 神 紳 (绅)

References

• KangXi: page 758, character 4
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 21726
• Dae Jaweon: page 1168, character 1
• Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 4, page 2526, character 1
• Unihan data for U+7533

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Chinese

		-
simp. and trad.		申

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): shēn (shen¹)

  (Zhuyin): ㄕㄣ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): san¹
• Min Nan (POJ): sin

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese, Beijing)⁺
    • Pinyin: shēn
    • Zhuyin: ㄕㄣ
    • Wade-Giles: shên¹
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shen
    • IPA ^(key): /ʂən⁵⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
    • Jyutping: san¹
    • Yale: sān
    • Cantonese Pinyin: san¹
    • IPA ^(key): /sɐn⁵⁵/
• Min Nan
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sin
    • Tâi-lô: sin
    • IPA (Taipei): /ɕin⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /ɕin³⁴/

Middle Chinese pronunciation (申, reconstructed)
Character (申), Pronunciation 1/1
Initial: 書 (26) Final: 眞 Division: III			Openness: Open Tone: Level (Ø)			Fanqie: 失人切
Zhengzhang Shangfang	Bernard Karlgren	Li Rong	Pan Wuyun	Edwin Pulleyblank	Wang Li	Shao Rongfen
/ɕiɪn/	/ɕi̯ĕn/	/ɕiĕn/	/ɕin/	/ɕin/	/ɕĭĕn/	/ɕjen/

Old Chinese pronunciation (申, reconstructed)
Baxter-Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character								Modern Beijing (Pinyin)								Middle Chinese								Old Chinese								English
申								shēn								‹ syin ›								/*l̥ i[n]/								9th earthly branch
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter-Sagart system: Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character					No.					Phonetic component					Rime group					Rime subdivision					Corresponding MC rime					Old Chinese					Notes
申					11235					申					眞					1					申					/*hlin/					甲金文象閃電，後轉註爲電字

References

• (Min Nan) Taiwan Min Nan Common Words Dictionary (臺灣閩南語常用詞辭典)

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Japanese

Kanji

申

(grade 3 “Kyōiku” kanji)

1. This entry needs a definition. Please add one, then remove {{defn}}.

Readings

• On: しん (shin)
• Kun: もうす (mousu), のびる (nobiru), さる (saru)

Compounds

• 申す

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Korean

Hanja

申 (sin) (hangeul 신, revised shin, McCune-Reischauer shin, Yale shin)

1. This entry needs a definition. Please add one, then remove {{defn}}.

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Vietnamese

Han character

申 (thân)

1. This entry needs a definition. Please add one, then remove {{defn}}.