監

See also: 监

Translingual

shinjitai	監
simplified	监
traditional	監

Alternative forms

Note the difference in the upper right component between Chinese, where it resembles ケ (half of ⺮, 竹), and Japanese, where it is rather 匕.

Etymology

Ideogrammic compound (會意): 臥 + 血. Note the replacements 人 → ケ/匕 and 血 → 皿.

Han character

監 (radical 108 皿+9, 14 strokes, cangjie input 尸戈月廿 (SIBT), 尸一月廿 (SMBT), four-corner 7810₇, composition ⿱⿰臣⿱𠂉丶皿)

1. supervise, control, direct

Derived characters

• 覽 (覧) 艦 (舰) 鹽 (塩 盐)

Descendants

• 监

References

• KangXi: page 796, character 2
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 23032
• Dae Jaweon: page 1210, character 18
• Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 4, page 2566, character 3
• Unihan data for U+76E3

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Chinese

		-
trad.		監
simp.		监

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): jiān (jian¹)

  (Zhuyin): ㄐㄧㄢ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): gaam¹
• Min Nan (POJ): kaⁿ / kam / kàm

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese, Beijing)⁺
    • Pinyin: jiān
    • Zhuyin: ㄐㄧㄢ
    • Wade-Giles: chien¹
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jian
    • IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕi̯ɛn⁵⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
    • Jyutping: gaam¹
    • Yale: gāam
    • Cantonese Pinyin: gaam¹
    • IPA ^(key): /kɑːm⁵⁵/
• Min Nan
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kaⁿ / kam / kàm
    • Tâi-lô: kann / kam / kàm
    • IPA (Taipei): /kã⁴⁴/, /kam⁴⁴/, /kam¹¹/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /kã³⁴/, /kam³⁴/, /kam²¹/
  • Note: kaⁿ - vernacular, kam, kàm - literary.

Middle Chinese pronunciation (監, reconstructed)
Character (監), Pronunciation 1/2
Initial: 見 (28) Final: 銜 Division: II			Openness: Open Tone: Level (Ø)			Fanqie: 谷銜切
Zhengzhang Shangfang	Bernard Karlgren	Li Rong	Pan Wuyun	Edwin Pulleyblank	Wang Li	Shao Rongfen
/kɣam/	/kam/	/kam/	/kɯam/	/kaɨm/	/kam/	/kam/
Character (監), Pronunciation 2/2
Initial: 見 (28) Final: 銜 Division: II			Openness: Open Tone: Departing (H)			Fanqie: 格懺切
Zhengzhang Shangfang	Bernard Karlgren	Li Rong	Pan Wuyun	Edwin Pulleyblank	Wang Li	Shao Rongfen
/kɣamH/	/kamH/	/kamH/	/kɯamH/	/kaɨmH/	/kamH/	/kamH/

Old Chinese pronunciation (監, reconstructed)
Baxter-Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character								Modern Beijing (Pinyin)								Middle Chinese								Old Chinese								English
監								jiān								‹ kæm ›								/*[k]ˤram/								inspect
監								jiàn								‹ kæmH ›								/*kˤram-s/								mirror
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter-Sagart system: Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character					No.					Phonetic component					Rime group					Rime subdivision					Corresponding MC rime					Old Chinese					Notes
監					6103					監					談					1										/*kraːm/					鑑初文，象人俯視皿水察容（林義光陳獨秀說），非形聲字
監					6106					監					談					1					鑑					/*kraːms/

References

• (Min Nan) Taiwan Min Nan Common Words Dictionary (臺灣閩南語常用詞辭典)

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Japanese

Kanji

監

(common “Jōyō” kanji)

1. oversee
2. bureaucrat
3. government agency or office
4. manage
5. control or own

Readings

• Goon: けん (ken) (non-Jōyō reading)
• Kan’on: かん (kan)
• Kun: みる (miru)

Compounds

• 監禁
• 監獄
• 監査
• 監察
• 監視
• 監守
• 監修
• 監督
• 監房

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Korean

Hanja

監 (gam) (hangeul 감, revised gam, McCune-Reischauer kam, Yale kam)

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Vietnamese

Han character

監 (giam, giám, giớm, giợm, róm, giấm, lổm, ram, rướm, xám)

1. This entry needs a definition. Please add one, then remove {{defn}}.