知恥近乎勇

See also: 知耻近乎勇

Chinese

		to know; to be aware	shame; disgrace	near; close (to); approximately	(interrog. part.)	brave
trad. (知恥近乎勇)		知	恥	近	乎	勇
simp. (知耻近乎勇)		知	耻	近	乎	勇

Etymology

From the Doctrine of the Mean (《中庸》) in the Book of Rites:

子曰：「好學近乎知，力行近乎仁，知恥近乎勇。…… [Classical Chinese, trad.]

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子曰：「好学近乎知，力行近乎仁，知耻近乎勇。…… [Classical Chinese, simp.]

From: The Book of Rites, c. 4^th – 2^nd century BCE, translated based on James Legge's version

Zǐyuē: “Hàoxué jìn hū zhì, lìxíng jìn hū rén, zhīchǐ jìn hū yǒng....... [Pinyin]

The Master said, "To be fond of learning is to be near to knowledge. To practice with vigor is to be near to magnanimity. To possess the feeling of shame is to be near to energy. […]

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): zhī chǐ jìn hū yǒng

  (Zhuyin): ㄓ ㄔˇ ㄐㄧㄣˋ ㄏㄨ ㄩㄥˇ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): zi¹ ci² gan⁶ fu⁴ jung⁵

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: zhī chǐ jìn hū yǒng
    • Zhuyin: ㄓ ㄔˇ ㄐㄧㄣˋ ㄏㄨ ㄩㄥˇ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: jhih chǐh jìn hu yǒng
    • Wade–Giles: chih¹ chʻih³ chin⁴ hu¹ yung³
    • Yale: jr̄ chř jìn hū yǔng
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jy chyy jinn hu yeong
    • Palladius: чжи чи цзинь ху юн (čži či czinʹ xu jun)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰʐ̩²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕin⁵¹ xu⁵⁵ jʊŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: zi¹ ci² gan⁶ fu⁴ jung⁵
    • Yale: jī chí gahn fùh yúhng
    • Cantonese Pinyin: dzi¹ tsi² gan⁶ fu⁴ jung⁵
    • Guangdong Romanization: ji¹ qi² gen⁶ fu⁴ yung⁵
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡siː⁵⁵ t͡sʰiː³⁵ kɐn²² fuː²¹ jʊŋ¹³/

Proverb

知恥近乎勇

1. Having a sense of shame is a form of bravery.