石

See also: 右 and 磊

Translingual

Stroke order

Stroke order

Etymology

Pictogram (象形): a stone beneath a cliff (厂). The cliff was subsequently distorted into 丆.

Alternatively, a cave set into the side of a cliff or mountain.

Han character

石 (radical 112 石+0, 5 strokes, cangjie input 一口 (MR), four-corner 1060₀, composition ⿸丆口)

1. stone, rock, mineral
2. rad. 112
3. A surname
4. An ancient unit of weight

Derived terms

• 磊 (lěi)

References

• KangXi: page 827, character 1
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 24024
• Dae Jaweon: page 1239, character 7
• Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 4, page 2416, character 1
• Unihan data for U+77F3
• Walsh, Len (2002). Read Japanese Today. Vermont: Tuttle. 47.

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Chinese

		-
simp. and trad.		石

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): shí, dàn (shi², dan⁴)

  (Zhuyin): ㄕˊ, ㄉㄢˋ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): sek⁶
• Hakka (Pha̍k-fa-sṳ): sha̍k
• Min Nan (POJ): chio̍h / sia̍h / se̍k

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese, Beijing)⁺
    • Pinyin: shí
    • Zhuyin: ㄕˊ
    • Wade-Giles: shih²
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shyr
    • IPA ^(key): /ʂʐ̩³⁵/
      
      
  • (Standard Chinese, Beijing)⁺
    • Pinyin: dàn
    • Zhuyin: ㄉㄢˋ
    • Wade-Giles: tan⁴
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: dann
    • IPA ^(key): /ta̠n⁵¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
    • Jyutping: sek⁶
    • Yale: sehk
    • Cantonese Pinyin: sek⁹
    • IPA ^(key): /sɛːk̚²/
• Hakka
  • Romanisations:
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: sha̍k
    • IPA (Siyen, incl. Miaoli): /shak̚⁵/
• Min Nan
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chio̍h / sia̍h / se̍k
    • Tâi-lô: tsio̍h / sia̍h / si̍k
    • IPA (Taipei): /t͡ɕiɔʔ⁴/, /ɕiaʔ⁴/, /ɕɪk̚⁴/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡ɕiɔʔ¹²¹/, /ɕiaʔ¹²¹/, /ɕɪk̚¹²¹/
  • Note: chio̍h, sia̍h - vernacular, se̍k - literary.

Middle Chinese pronunciation (石, reconstructed)
Character (石), Pronunciation 1/1
Initial: 常 (25) Final: 昔 Division: III			Openness: Open Tone: Checked (Ø)			Fanqie: 常隻切
Zhengzhang Shangfang	Bernard Karlgren	Li Rong	Pan Wuyun	Edwin Pulleyblank	Wang Li	Shao Rongfen
/d͡ʑiᴇk̚/	/ʑi̯ɛk̚/	/ʑiɛk̚/	/d͡ʑiɛk̚/	/d͡ʑiajk̚/	/ʑĭɛk̚/	/d͡ʑiæk̚/

Old Chinese pronunciation (石, reconstructed)
Baxter-Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character								Modern Beijing (Pinyin)								Middle Chinese								Old Chinese								English
石								shí								‹ dzyek ›								/*dAk/								stone
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter-Sagart system: Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character					No.					Phonetic component					Rime group					Rime subdivision					Corresponding MC rime					Old Chinese					Notes
石					11470					石					鐸					0					石					/*djaɡ/

Noun

石

1. a unit of dry measure for grain (equal to 100 liters)

Compounds

• 石板 (shíbǎn)
• 石版 (shíbǎn)
• 石斑魚／石斑鱼 (shíbānyú)
• 石版畫／石版画 (shíbǎnhuà)
• 石筆／石笔 (shíbǐ)
• 石沉大海 (shíchén dàhǎi)
• 石膏 (shígāo)
• 石化 (shíhuà)
• 石灰 (shíhuī)
• 石器時代／石器时代 (shíqì shídài)
• 石窟 (shíkū)
• 石料 (shíliào)
• 石榴 (shíliú)
• 石綠／石绿 (shílǜ)
• 石墨 (shímò)
• 石破天驚／石破天惊 (shí pò tiān jīng)

• 石青 (shí qīng)
• 石蕊 (shí ruǐ)
• 石筍／石笋 (shísǔn)
• 石頭／石头 (shítou)
• 石英 (shíyīng)
• 石英鐘／石英钟 (shíyīngzhōng)
• 石油 (shíyóu)
• 石子兒／石子儿 (shízǐr)
• 石鐘乳／石钟乳 (shízhōngrǔ)
• 石柱 (shízhù)
• 魔法石 (mófǎshí)
• 陽起石／阳起石 (yángqǐshí)
• 白信石 (báixìnshí)
• 紅信石／红信石 (hóngxìnshí)
• 補腎石／补肾石 (bǔshènshí)
• 吐酒石 (tǔjiǔshí)
• 皂石 (zàoshí)

References

• (Min Nan) Taiwan Min Nan Common Words Dictionary (臺灣閩南語常用詞辭典)

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Japanese

Kanji

石

(grade 1 “Kyōiku” kanji)

Readings

• Goon: じゃく (jaku)
• Kan’on: せき (seki)
• Kan’yōon: こく (koku), しゃく (shaku)
• Kun: いし (ishi)
• Nanori: せっく (sekku), し (shi), いわ (iwa), いす (isu), いさ isa, と (to)

Noun

石 (hiragana いし, romaji ishi)

1. stone

Compounds

• 金剛石 (こんごうせき, kongōseki): diamond
• ライターの石
• 石英 (せきえい, sekiei): quartz; crystal
• 石灰 (せっかい, sekkai): lime (mineral), quicklime, caustic lime
• 石棺 (せっかん, sekkan): a sarcophagus; a stone coffin
• 石室 (いしむろ, ishimuro): a stone hut
• 石炭 (せきたん, sekitan): coal
• 石板 (せきばん, sekiban): a slate
• 石版 (せきばん, sekiban): a lithograph
• 石盤 (せきばん, sekiban): a slate
• 石油 (せきゆ, sekiyu): oil, petroleum

• 化石 (かせき, kaseki): a fossil, fossil remains; petrifaction, fossilisation
• 懐石 (かいせき, kaiseki): a simple meal eaten before tea is served
• 岩石 (がんせき, ganseki): rock (natural mineral aggregate)
• 奇石 (きせき, kiseki): rare stone; precious gem
• 輝石 (きせき, kiseki): (mineralogy) pyroxene, augite
• 歯石 (しせき, shiseki): dental calculus (tartar)
• 石菖 (せきしょう, sekishō): (flower) Japanese sweet flag
• 胆石 (たんせき, tanseki): gallstones
• 宝石 (ほうせき, hōseki): gemstone
• 木石 (ぼくせき, bokuseki): (scenery) trees and stones

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Korean

Hanja

石 (seok)
Eumhun:

• Sound (hangeul): 석 (revised: seok, McCune-Reischauer: sŏk, Yale: sek)

• Name (hangeul): 돌()

1. This entry needs a definition. Please add one, then remove {{defn}}.

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Vietnamese

Han character

石 (thạch, đán)

1. This entry needs a definition. Please add one, then remove {{defn}}.

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Wu

Han character

石 Shanghainese: zaʔ², zah

1. a stone, a rock, mineral
2. rad. 112
3. A surname

石 Shanghainese: tae

1. a unit of dry measure for grain (equal to 100 liters)