研究

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See also: 硏究

Chinese[edit]

grind fine; study; research after all; to investigate; to study carefully
trad. (研究)
simp. #(研究)
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Pronunciation[edit]


Note:
  • ngiêng5 giu3 - Chaozhou;
  • ngiang5 giu3 - Shantou.
  • Wu

  • Rime
    Character
    Reading # 1/1 1/1
    Initial () (31) (28)
    Final () (85) (136)
    Tone (調) Departing (H) Departing (H)
    Openness (開合) Open Open
    Division () IV III
    Fanqie
    Baxter ngenH kjuwH
    Reconstructions
    Zhengzhang
    Shangfang
    /ŋenH/ /kɨuH/
    Pan
    Wuyun
    /ŋenH/ /kiuH/
    Shao
    Rongfen
    /ŋɛnH/ /kiəuH/
    Edwin
    Pulleyblank
    /ŋɛnH/ /kuwH/
    Li
    Rong
    /ŋenH/ /kiuH/
    Wang
    Li
    /ŋienH/ /kĭəuH/
    Bernard
    Karlgren
    /ŋienH/ /ki̯ə̯uH/
    Expected
    Mandarin
    Reflex
    yàn jiù
    Expected
    Cantonese
    Reflex
    jin6 gau3

    Verb[edit]

    研究

    1. (intransitive, transitive) to research; to study
      進行研究进行研究  ―  jìnxíng yánjiū  ―  to conduct research
      研究方向  ―  yánjiū fāngxiàng  ―  research direction
      研究方法  ―  yánjiū fāngfǎ  ―  research method
      研究成果  ―  yánjiū chéngguǒ  ―  research findings
      科學研究科学研究  ―  kēxué yánjiū  ―  scientific research
      研究對象研究对象  ―  yánjiū duìxiàng  ―  research subject
      研究開發研究开发  ―  yánjiū kāifā  ―  to research and develop; to do R&D
    2. (transitive) to deliberate; to discuss; to investigate
      這個問題有待研究 [MSC, trad.]
      这个问题有待研究 [MSC, simp.]
      Zhège wèntí yǒudài yánjiū. [Pinyin]
      This problem requires discussion.

    Synonyms[edit]

    • (to research):
    • (to deliberate):

    Related terms[edit]

    Noun[edit]

    研究

    1. (countable, uncountable) research; study; investigation (Classifier: m)
      研究研究  ―  zuò yī xiàng yánjiū  ―  to conduct a research
      可行性研究  ―  kěxíngxìng yánjiū  ―  feasibility study

    Synonyms[edit]

    Derived terms[edit]

    Descendants[edit]

    Sino-Xenic (研究):

    See also[edit]

    Japanese[edit]

    Kanji in this term
    けん
    Grade: 3
    きゅう
    Grade: 3
    on’yomi
    Alternative spelling
    硏究 (kyūjitai)

    Etymology[edit]

    From Middle Chinese 研究 (ngen *kiuH?). Compare modern Hakka ngiên-kiu, Eastern Min ngiĕng-géu, Min Nan gián-kiù.

    The original on'yomi for the first character was gen, more closely matching the Chinese origins. For reasons unknown, the reading shifted from gen to a kan'yō yomi of ken.

    Pronunciation[edit]

    Noun[edit]

    (けん)(きゅう) (kenkyū

    1. a piece of research, a study, investigation
      • 1928, 寺田寅彦, 雑感:
        間違(まちが)える(こと)なしには研究(けんきゅう)(すす)められない。
        Machigaeru koto nashi ni wa kenkyū wa susumerarenai.
        Research cannot advance without mistakes along the way.

    Derived terms[edit]

    Verb[edit]

    (けん)(きゅう)する (kenkyū surusuru (stem (けん)(きゅう) (kenkyū shi), past (けん)(きゅう)した (kenkyū shita))

    1. to research, to study
      • 1931, 宮本百合子, 五ヵ年計画とソヴェトの芸術:
        これらの作品(さくひん)研究(けんきゅう)された。
        Korera no sakuhin ga kenkyū sareta.
        These works have been studied.

    Conjugation[edit]

    References[edit]

    1. ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006) 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
    • 1988, 国語大辞典(新装版) (Kokugo Dai Jiten, Revised Edition) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan
    • 2002, Ineko Kondō; Fumi Takano; Mary E Althaus; et. al., Shogakukan Progressive Japanese-English Dictionary, Third Edition, Tokyo: Shōgakukan, →ISBN.

    Korean[edit]

    Hanja in this term

    Noun[edit]

    研究 (yeon'gu) (hangeul 연구)

    1. Alternative form of 硏究 (research)

    Vietnamese[edit]

    chữ Hán Nôm in this term

    Verb[edit]

    研究

    1. chữ Hán form of nghiên cứu (to research).