硬

See also: 峺

Translingual

Etymology

Phono-semantic compound (形聲): semantic 石 + phonetic 更.

Han character

硬 (radical 112 石+7, 12 strokes, cangjie input 一口一中大 (MRMLK), four-corner 1164₆, composition ⿰石更)

1. hard, firm, strong
2. obstinate

References

• KangXi: page 831, character 5
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 24230
• Dae Jaweon: page 1247, character 3
• Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 4, page 2432, character 6
• Unihan data for U+786C

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Chinese

		-
simp. and trad.		硬

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): yìng (ying⁴)

  (Zhuyin): ㄧㄥˋ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): ngaang⁶
• Min Nan (POJ): ngē / ngī

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese, Beijing)⁺
    • Pinyin: yìng
    • Zhuyin: ㄧㄥˋ
    • Wade-Giles: ying⁴
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yinq
    • IPA ^(key): /iŋ⁵¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
    • Jyutping: ngaang⁶
    • Yale: ngaahng
    • Cantonese Pinyin: ngaang⁶
    • IPA ^(key): /ŋɑːŋ²²/
• Min Nan
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ngē / ngī
    • Tâi-lô: ngē / ngī
    • IPA (Taipei): /ŋe³³/, /ŋi³³/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /ŋe²²/, /ŋi²²/

Middle Chinese pronunciation (硬, reconstructed)
Character (硬), Pronunciation 1/1
Initial: 疑 (31) Final: 耕 Division: II			Openness: Open Tone: Departing (H)			Fanqie: 五爭切
Zhengzhang Shangfang	Bernard Karlgren	Li Rong	Pan Wuyun	Edwin Pulleyblank	Wang Li	Shao Rongfen
/ŋɣɛŋH/	/ŋæŋH/	/ŋɛŋH/	/ŋɯæŋH/	/ŋəɨjŋH/	/ŋæŋH/	/ŋɐŋH/

Old Chinese pronunciation (硬, reconstructed)
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character					No.					Phonetic component					Rime group					Rime subdivision					Corresponding MC rime					Old Chinese					Notes
硬					880					丙					陽					0										/*ŋɡraːŋs/					見傷寒論
硬					881					丙					陽					0					鞕					/*ŋɡraːŋs/					同鞕，王韻五孟反

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Japanese

Kanji

硬

(common “Jōyō” kanji)

1. This entry needs a definition. Please add one, then remove {{defn}}.

Readings

• Goon: ぎょう (gyō) (non-Jōyō reading)
• Kan’on: ごう (gō) (non-Jōyō reading)
• Kan’yōon: こう (kō)
• Kun: かたい (katai)

Compounds

• 硬化
• 硬貨 (こうか, kōka, “coins”)
• 硬式
• 硬質
• 硬直

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Korean

Hanja

硬 (gyeong) (hangeul 경, revised gyeong, McCune-Reischauer kyŏng, Yale kyeng)

1. This entry needs a definition. Please add one, then remove {{defn}}.

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Vietnamese

Han character

硬 (ngạnh)

1. This entry needs a definition. Please add one, then remove {{defn}}.