確か

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Japanese[edit]

Etymology[edit]

Kanji in this term
たし
Grade: 5
kun’yomi
Alternative spelling
慥か (uncommon)

From Old Japanese. First attested in the Nihon Shoki of 720 CE.[1]

Derived from the tashi- element seen in たしに (tashi ni, sufficiently; firmly; surely) and たしない (tashinai, difficult, agonizing; poor, lacking) + adjective-forming suffix (-ka).[1]

Pronunciation[edit]

Adjective[edit]

(たし) (tashika-na (adnominal (たし) (tashika na), adverbial (たし) (tashika ni))

  1. [from 720] certain, clear, without a doubt
  2. [from 759] secure, reliable, able to be trusted completely

Inflection[edit]

Synonyms[edit]

Adverb[edit]

(たし) (tashika

  1. if I remember correctly, in my memory, probably but not totally sure
    (たし)、ここに()たことがある。
    Tashika, koko ni kita koto ga aru.
    I'm pretty sure that I've come here before.

Usage notes[edit]

Adverbial use without the particle (ni) is colloquial. The meaning for this usage implies a degree of doubt, and is different from the certainly, surely sense of 確か (tashika ni) that has no such implication.

References[edit]

  1. 1.0 1.1 確か・慥か”, in 日本国語大辞典 (Nihon Kokugo Daijiten, Nihon Kokugo Daijiten)[1] (in Japanese), concise edition, Tōkyō: Shogakukan, 2000
  2. ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  3. ^ Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  4. ^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK Publishing, →ISBN
  • 2002, Yasuo Kitahara, 明鏡国語辞典 (Meikyō Kokugo Jiten), First Edition (in Japanese), Tokyo: Taishūkan Shoten, →ISBN