秘書

See also: 秘书, 祕書, and 祕书

Chinese

		secret	book; letter
trad. (秘書/祕書)		秘/祕	書
simp. (秘书)		秘	书
nonstandard simp.		祕书

Etymology

In premodern China, originally the title for a government position in charge of reports to the throne, and imperial correspondence and directives.

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): mìshū

  (Zhuyin): ㄇㄧˋ ㄕㄨ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): bei³ syu¹
• Gan (Wiktionary): 'bi⁴ xy¹
• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): pi-sû
• Eastern Min (BUC): bé-cṳ̆
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): pì-su / pì-sir / pì-si

  (Teochew, Peng'im): bi³ ze¹

• Wu (Wugniu)
  • (Northern): ⁵pi-sy

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)
    • Hanyu Pinyin: mìshū → mìshu (toneless final syllable variant)
    • Zhuyin: ㄇㄧˋ ㄕㄨ → ㄇㄧˋ ˙ㄕㄨ (toneless final syllable variant)
    • Tongyong Pinyin: mìshů
    • Wade–Giles: mi⁴-shu⁵
    • Yale: mì-shu
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: mih.shu
    • Palladius: мишу (mišu)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /mi⁵¹ ʂu⁵⁵/ → /mi⁵¹ ʂu¹/
    • Homophones:

      [Show/Hide]
      edit edit 密書／密书 秘書／秘书

• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: bei³ syu¹
    • Yale: bei syū
    • Cantonese Pinyin: bei³ sy¹
    • Guangdong Romanization: béi³ xu¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /pei̯³³ syː⁵⁵/
• Gan
  • (Nanchang)
    • Wiktionary: 'bi⁴ xy¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ˈpi³⁵ ɕy⁴²/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: pi-sû
    • Hakka Romanization System: bi su´
    • Hagfa Pinyim: bi⁴ su¹
    • Sinological IPA: /pi⁵⁵ su²⁴/
• Eastern Min
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: bé-cṳ̆
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /pi²¹³⁻⁵⁵ ^(t͡s-)ʒy⁵⁵/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, General Taiwanese, Philippines)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: pì-su
    • Tâi-lô: pì-su
    • Phofsit Daibuun: piesw
    • IPA (Philippines): /pi⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ su³³/
    • IPA (Xiamen): /pi²¹⁻⁵³ su⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /pi²¹⁻⁴¹ su⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Taipei): /pi¹¹⁻⁵³ su⁴⁴/
  • (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: pì-sir
    • Tâi-lô: pì-sir
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /pi⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ sɯ³³/
  • (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: pì-si
    • Tâi-lô: pì-si
    • Phofsit Daibuun: piesy
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /pi²¹⁻⁵³ si⁴⁴/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: bi³ ze¹
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: pì tsṳ
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /pi²¹³⁻⁵⁵ t͡sɯ³³/
• Wu
  • (Shanghai):
    • Wugniu: ⁵pi-sy
    • MiniDict: pi^去 sy
    • Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ²pi-sr
    • Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /pi³³ sz̩⁴⁴/

Noun

秘書

1. secretary (person who does clerical work)

Derived terms

• 文秘 (wénmì)
• 秘書處／秘书处 (mìshūchù)
• 秘書長／秘书长 (mìshūzhǎng)

 

See also

• 幹事／干事
• 文書／文书 (wénshū)
• 書記／书记 (shūjì)

 

Japanese

Kanji in this term
秘	書
ひ Grade: 6	しょ Grade: 2
on’yomi

Alternative spelling
祕書 (kyūjitai)

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [çiɕo̞]

Noun

秘(ひ)書(しょ) • (hisho) 

1. secretary (person keeping records and handling clerical work)

Korean

Hanja in this term
秘	書

Noun

秘書 • (biseo) (hangeul 비서)

1. Hanja form^? of 비서 (“secretary”).

Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term
秘	書

Noun

秘書

1. chữ Hán form of bí thư (“secretary”).