空

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Translingual[edit]

Stroke order
空-bw.png

Etymology[edit]

Phono-semantic compound (形聲): semantic 穴 (“cave, hole”) + phonetic 工

Han character[edit]

空 (radical 116 穴+3, 8 strokes, cangjie input 十金一 (JCM), four-corner 30101, composition ⿱穴工)

  1. sky, empty, hollow, bare, void, deserted
  2. (Buddhism) sunyata; emptiness, vacuity, awareness, openness, thusness
  3. (Japanese Buddhism) "void": One of the 五大 (godai; lit. "great five); also known as 天 (そら, sora) and is of particular importance as the highest of the five elements. It also represents those things that are beyond one's everyday experiences, particularly those things composed of pure energy.
    1. (Bodily) represents one's spirit, thought, and creative energy. It represents one's ability to think and to communicate, as well one's creativity. It can also be associated with power, creativity, spontaneity, and inventiveness.
    2. (Martial arts) a philosophy; when exercised, the power of the Void allows one to connect to the quintessential creative energy of the world. A martial arts practitioner, who is properly attuned into the 'Void', have greater spatial awareness of their surroundings, the presences of others, and to act without thinking and without using their physical senses, via this mindstate of inner peace.

References[edit]

  • KangXi: page 863, character 1
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 25415
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1289, character 8
  • Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 4, page 2719, character 8
  • Unihan data for U+7A7A

Chinese[edit]

-
simp. and trad.
 空

Pronunciation[edit]

Middle Chinese pronunciation (空, reconstructed)
Character (空), Pronunciation 1/2

Initial: 溪 (29)
Final: 東
Division: I

Openness: Open
Tone: Level (Ø)

 Fanqie: 苦紅切
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 Bernard
Karlgren		 Li
Rong		 Pan
Wuyun		 Edwin
Pulleyblank		 Wang
Li		 Shao
Rongfen
/kʰuŋ/ /kʰuŋ/ /kʰuŋ/ /kʰuŋ/ /kʰəwŋ/ /kʰuŋ/ /kʰuŋ/
Character (空), Pronunciation 2/2

Initial: 溪 (29)
Final: 東
Division: I

Openness: Open
Tone: Departing (H)

 Fanqie: 苦貢切
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 Bernard
Karlgren		 Li
Rong		 Pan
Wuyun		 Edwin
Pulleyblank		 Wang
Li		 Shao
Rongfen
/kʰuŋH/ /kʰuŋH/ /kʰuŋH/ /kʰuŋH/ /kʰəwŋH/ /kʰuŋH/ /kʰuŋH/
Old Chinese pronunciation (空, reconstructed)
Baxter-Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character Modern Beijing
(Pinyin)		 Middle Chinese Old Chinese English
空 kōng ‹ khuwng › /*kʰˤoŋ/ hollow, empty; hole
空 kǒng ‹ khuwngX › /*kʰˤoŋʔ/ hollow, empty; hole

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter-Sagart system:

  • Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
  • Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
  • Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
  • Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;
  • Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character No. Phonetic
component		 Rime
group		 Rime
subdivision		 Corresponding
MC rime		 Old Chinese Notes
空 4034 工 東 0 空 /*kʰoːŋ/
空 4045 工 東 0 控 /*kʰoːŋs/

Adjective[edit]

空 (traditional and simplified, Pinyin kōng)

  1. empty; void
    這箱子是空的 / 这箱子是空的  ―  zhè xiāngzǐ shì kōng de  ―  This box is empty
    在盒子裡有些空瓶。 [MSC, trad.]
    在盒子里有些空瓶。 [MSC, simp.]
    Zài hézǐ lǐ yǒu xiē kōng píng. [Pinyin]
    There are some empty bottles in the box.
  2. in vain

Noun[edit]

空

English Wikipedia has an article on:

Wikipedia en

  1. (Buddhism) sunyata; emptiness
  2. sky
  3. air
  4. space


Compounds[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Noun[edit]

空

  1. spare time; free time; leisure
    我今天有空。 [MSC, trad. and simp.]
    Wǒ jīntiān yǒu kòng. [Pinyin]
    I'm free today.
    你下午有空嗎？ [MSC, trad.]
    你下午有空吗？ [MSC, simp.]
    Nǐ xiàwǔ yǒu kòng ma? [Pinyin]
    Are you free this afternoon?
    現在醫生沒空。 [MSC, trad.]
    现在医生没空。 [MSC, simp.]
    Xiànzài yīshēng méi kòng. [Pinyin]
    The doctor is not available now.
  2. space; room
    再擠個人進來行嗎？車裡還有空嗎？ [MSC, trad.]
    再挤个人进来行吗？车里还有空吗？ [MSC, simp.]
    Zài jǐ ge rén jìnlái xíng ma? Chē lǐ hái yǒu kòng ma? [Pinyin]
    Can you fit in another person? Is there room in the car?

Adjective[edit]

空

  1. vacant; unoccupied; available
    有空房間嗎？ [MSC, trad.]
    有空房间吗？ [MSC, simp.]
    Yǒu kòng fángjiān ma? [Pinyin]
    Have you any vacant room ?
    這個位子空著嗎？ [MSC, trad.]
    这个位子空著吗？ [MSC, simp.]
    Zhè ge wèizǐ kòng zhe ma? [Pinyin]
    Is this seat available?

Japanese[edit]

Kanji[edit]

See also:
空

(grade 1 “Kyōiku” kanji)

  1. sky
  2. empty
Readings[edit]
Compounds[edit]

Derived terms[edit]

Etymology 1[edit]

Noun[edit]

空 (hiragana そら, romaji sora)

  1. the sky
Synonyms[edit]
Related terms[edit]

Etymology 2[edit]

Noun[edit]

空 (hiragana から, romaji kara)

  1. empty
    空箱
  2. ineffectual
    空振り
  3. false
    空元気
Derived terms[edit]

Etymology 3[edit]

Noun[edit]

空 (hiragana くう, romaji kū)

  1. empty air
  2. shunya
  3. meaninglessness

Etymology 4[edit]

Noun[edit]

空 (hiragana うろ, romaji uro)

  1. cavity, hole

Etymology 5[edit]

/utuho/: utupo → utuɸo → utuwo → utuo. See also 空 (utsubo).

Noun[edit]

空 (hiragana うつお, romaji utsuo, historical hiragana うつほ)

  1. Alternative form of うろ

Etymology 6[edit]

Similar etymology to 空 (utsuo). As /h/ gradually changed from [p] → [ɸ] → [w] → [Ø], the phoneme was voiced to [b] in order to maintain it.

Noun[edit]

空 (hiragana うつぼ, romaji utsubo)

  1. Alternative form of うろ

Korean[edit]

Hanja[edit]

空 (gong)
Eumhun:

  • Sound (hangeul): 공 (revised: gong, McCune-Reischauer: kong, Yale: kong)
  • Name (hangeul): 빌 (revised: bil)
  1. This entry needs a definition. Please add one, then remove {{defn}}.

Vietnamese[edit]

Han character[edit]

空 (không, khỏng, cung, khung)

  1. This entry needs a definition. Please add one, then remove {{defn}}.
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