羨
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Translingual[edit]
Han character[edit]
羨 (Kangxi radical 123, 羊+7, 13 strokes, cangjie input 廿土水弓人 (TGENO), four-corner 80182, composition ⿱𦍌㳄)
References[edit]
- Kangxi Dictionary: page 952, character 31
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 28503
- Dae Jaweon: page 1396, character 25
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 5, page 3134, character 10
- Unihan data for U+7FA8
Chinese[edit]
trad. | 羨/羡* | |
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simp. | 羡* |
Glyph origin[edit]
Ideogrammic compound (會意/会意) : 羊 (“sheep”) + 㳄 (“saliva”) – to envy.
羊 may be interpreted as a beautiful sheep or good mutton (cf. 美 “beautiful” and 善 “good”).
The Kangxi Dictionary, following 《佩觿》, enters the word in etymology 2 as 羡, separating it from 羨 (etymology 1). This is also followed by dictionaries such as Hanyu Da Cidian and Dai Kan-Wa Jiten, but Zhongwen Da Cidian disagrees with this treatment. (Hanyu Da Zidian regards 羡 as the main form of all pronunciations.) According to 《說文解字羣經正字》:
- 羨,貪欲也,今經典往往作羡。郭忠恕《佩觿》分羨、羡爲二字。羡,以脂翻,江夏地名;羨,似面翻,慕也。非也,字書無从次之字,惟一字而數音耳。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
- From: 《說文解字羣經正字》, quoted from Zhongwen Da Cidian
- 羨 (Xiàn), tānyù yě, jīn jīngdiǎn wǎngwǎng zuò 羡. Guō Zhōngshù “Pèixī” fēn 羨 (xiàn), 羡 (yí) wéi èr zì. Yí, yǐ zhī fān, Jiāngxià dìmíng; xiàn, sì miàn fān, mù yě. Fēi yě, zìshū wú cóng 次 (cì) zhī zì, wéi yī zì ér shù yīn ěr. [Pinyin]
- 羨, meaning "to covet", is now frequently written as 羡 in the classics. Guo Zhongshu's Peixi distinguishes 羨 and 羡 as separate characters. 羡, fanqie 以脂, name of a place in Jiangxia. 羨, fanqie 似面, to desire. This is not the case. There's no such character with the 次 element in character dictionaries. There is only one character but several pronunciations.
羡,贪欲也,今经典往往作羡。郭忠恕《佩觿》分羡、羡为二字。羡,以脂翻,江夏地名;羡,似面翻,慕也。非也,字书无从次之字,惟一字而数音耳。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
Etymology 1[edit]
Possibly related to 餘 (OC *la, “surplus”) (Wang, 1982).
Pronunciation[edit]
Definitions[edit]
羨
- to envy; to admire
- (literary) surplus
- 四方有羨,我獨居憂。 [Pre-Classical Chinese, trad.]
- From: The Classic of Poetry, c. 11th – 7th centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version
- Sìfāng yǒu xiàn, wǒ dú jū yōu. [Pinyin]
- (please add an English translation of this quotation)
四方有羡,我独居忧。 [Pre-Classical Chinese, simp.]- 子不通功易事,以羨補不足,則農有餘粟,女有餘布。 [Pre-Classical Chinese, trad.]
- From: The Classic of Poetry, c. 11th – 7th centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version
- Zǐ bù tōnggōngyìshì, yǐ xiàn bǔ bùzú, zé nóng yǒu yú sù, nǚ yǒu yú bù. [Pinyin]
- If you do not have an intercommunication of the productions of labour, and an interchange of men's services, so that one from his overplus may supply the deficiency of another, then husbandmen will have a superfluity of grain, and women will have a superfluity of cloth.
子不通功易事,以羡补不足,则农有余粟,女有余布。 [Pre-Classical Chinese, simp.]
- (literary) to exceed
- (obsolete) crooked; evil
- 10th tetragram of the Taixuanjing (𝌏)
- a surname
Compounds[edit]
Etymology 2[edit]
Pronunciation[edit]
Definitions[edit]
羨
Etymology 3[edit]
Pronunciation[edit]
Definitions[edit]
羨
References[edit]
- “羨”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
Japanese[edit]
Kanji[edit]
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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Readings[edit]
- On (unclassified): せん (sen, Jōyō); えん (en)
- Kun: うらやましい (urayamashii, 羨ましい, Jōyō); うらやむ (urayamu, 羨む, Jōyō); あまり (amari)
- Nanori: よし (yoshi)
Compounds[edit]
- 羨ましい (urayamashii): jealous, envious
- 羨む (urayamu): to be jealous, to be envious
Korean[edit]
Etymology 1[edit]
From Middle Chinese 羨 (MC zjenH).
Historical readings |
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Pronunciation[edit]
- (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [sʰɘ(ː)n]
- Phonetic hangul: [선(ː)]
- Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.
Hanja[edit]
羨 (eumhun 부러워할 선 (bureowohal seon))
Compounds[edit]
Etymology 2[edit]
From Middle Chinese 羨 (MC yenH).
Historical readings |
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Pronunciation[edit]
- (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [jʌ̹n]
- Phonetic hangul: [연]
Hanja[edit]
羨 (eumhun 무덤길 연 (mudeomgil yeon))
Compounds[edit]
References[edit]
- 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전/電子字典. [2]
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